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Friday, May 31, 2019

The Adventures of Pinocchio :: Books, Film

When a book is made into a word picture, certain scenes and overall big pictures sometimes get lost in translation. This certainly is the sheath for Carlo Collodis story The Adventures of Pinocchio. Many things occur in the book that do not take place in the Disney movie Pinocchio, pilotly produced in 1940, and rereleased in 1992. A possible reason for some of the changes could regard audiences. The Adventures of Pinocchio was written in Italian in 1883. Perhaps that is why the book focuses more(prenominal) on righteousness and is a teach-you-a-lesson ab surface the consequences of being bad kind of book, while the movie more gently tries to get the same message crossways by adding and deleting scenes from the original work.A change from book to movie occurs right at the beginning of the film. In the book, Geppetto buys the wood that is to become Pinocchio from Mastro Antonioa character unexpended out of the movie entirely (1). The movie version begins with Jiminy Cricket, as he is called in the movie, singing about wishing upon headliners. In the book, he is known as the Talking Cricket. Pinocchio is already crafted, fitted with marionette strings, and is sitting on a shelf. In the book, as soon as Pinocchio has feethe is already alivehe runs out the door (6) however, in the movie, Geppetto, who controls him with the marionette strings, dances him around. I find it strange that Geppetto makes the instrument (while he controls him) kick the cat, Figarowho is not in the original bookcausing him to arrive off the steps. How does Geppetto sway Pinocchio to be a good male child if at the beginning of his functioning he (Pinocchio) is made to kick innocent cats? After Geppetto dances the puppet around for a bit he goes to bed, but before he falls asleep, he wishes upon a star. He wishes that the puppet was a real boy. The star comes into the window and is a fairy with blue hair. The fairy grants the wish, giving the puppet life. The stipulation the fairy gives Pinocchio is that he can become a real boy when he proves himself and learns to demand between right and wrong. This requirement is the same in the book (55). A difference in this film scene and the book is the carriage of the fairy. In the book, Pinocchio ab initio sees the fairy much later (32).The Adventures of Pinocchio Books, FilmWhen a book is made into a movie, certain scenes and overall big pictures sometimes get lost in translation. This certainly is the case for Carlo Collodis story The Adventures of Pinocchio. Many things occur in the book that do not take place in the Disney movie Pinocchio, to begin with produced in 1940, and rereleased in 1992. A possible reason for some of the changes could regard audiences. The Adventures of Pinocchio was written in Italian in 1883. Perhaps that is why the book focuses more on morality and is a teach-you-a-lesson about the consequences of being bad kind of book, while the movie more gently tries to get the same message a cross by adding and deleting scenes from the original work.A change from book to movie occurs right at the beginning of the film. In the book, Geppetto buys the wood that is to become Pinocchio from Mastro Antonioa character left out of the movie entirely (1). The movie version begins with Jiminy Cricket, as he is called in the movie, singing about wishing upon stars. In the book, he is known as the Talking Cricket. Pinocchio is already crafted, fitted with marionette strings, and is sitting on a shelf. In the book, as soon as Pinocchio has feethe is already alivehe runs out the door (6) however, in the movie, Geppetto, who controls him with the marionette strings, dances him around. I find it strange that Geppetto makes the puppet (while he controls him) kick the cat, Figarowho is not in the original bookcausing him to fall off the steps. How does Geppetto expect Pinocchio to be a good boy if at the beginning of his functioning he (Pinocchio) is made to kick innocent cats? After Ge ppetto dances the puppet around for a bit he goes to bed, but before he falls asleep, he wishes upon a star. He wishes that the puppet was a real boy. The star comes into the window and is a fairy with blue hair. The fairy grants the wish, giving the puppet life. The stipulation the fairy gives Pinocchio is that he can become a real boy when he proves himself and learns to choose between right and wrong. This requirement is the same in the book (55). A difference in this film scene and the book is the appearance of the fairy. In the book, Pinocchio initially sees the fairy much later (32).

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Dark Images of Cyberpunk :: Literary Movement Technology Essays Papers

Dark Images of CyberpunkWorks Cited MissingWith the publication of seminal works such as bloody shame Shellys Frankenstein, science fiction has always contained an appeal to the underground culture. Her Gothic visions of human behavior became the inspiration for works such as Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 and Isaac Asimovs I, robot series. Though the beginning emphasized utopian societies, science fiction progressed to include a future quite different from the present. Visions of agile ships, lasers, and travels to far off set colonies inundated these works.However, one subset of authors, such as William Gibson, Bruce Sterling, and Lewis Shiner, molded an entirely different genre of science fiction, placing more emphasis on the darker future of life on Earth. This work, later labeled cyberpunk, brought with it a very bleak view of future societies and culture. The features of their style of writing, which include the masculinization of wo workforce, the perversion of technology, t he autocratic definitions of settings and life, and the negative char displaceerizations of people, defined the model of cyberpunk.Women give a certain status in cyberpunk, one that is very contrary to the current sociological expectations of them. Women in these societies have had to adapt to the environmental pressures devote on them. They behave in an unconventional manner, as their sociological role dissolves any need for refinement and they must act and think as men would if they are to survive. Illustrations of this assertion abound. On an emotional level, women are portrayed as being very aggressive, both sexually and physically. sensation example of this can be found in Tom Maddoxs Snake Eyes Lizzie and George are described as rubbing up against one another....twinned, as if there were cables running between the two of them, and even describes their initial introduction, where Lizzie gives him a very passionate kiss immediately following their introduction (Mirrorshade s, page 18). The transition also recounts in not bad(p) detail the sexual encounter which occurs just minutes after their first encounter (page 19). On a physical level, the description of women in this genre seems to overlook femininity as well. Another example from the same story is the initial sketch of Lizzie, Her blond hair was cut nigh to the skull (page 18). This (superficial) absence of femininity is tralatitious in cyberpunk works. She is also described as having numerous tattoos, one on her left shoulder and curving vote down between her breasts, where it ended in a single blood-tear (page 18).Dark Images of Cyberpunk Literary Movement Technology Essays PapersDark Images of CyberpunkWorks Cited MissingWith the publication of seminal works such as Mary Shellys Frankenstein, science fiction has always contained an appeal to the underground culture. Her Gothic visions of human behavior became the inspiration for works such as Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 and Isaac As imovs I, Robot series. Though the beginning emphasized utopian societies, science fiction progressed to include a future quite different from the present. Visions of flying ships, lasers, and travels to far off space colonies inundated these works.However, one subset of authors, such as William Gibson, Bruce Sterling, and Lewis Shiner, molded an entirely different genre of science fiction, placing more emphasis on the darker future of life on Earth. This work, later labeled cyberpunk, brought with it a very bleak view of future societies and culture. The features of their style of writing, which include the masculinization of women, the perversion of technology, the oppressive descriptions of settings and life, and the negative characterizations of people, defined the notion of cyberpunk.Women have a certain status in cyberpunk, one that is very contrary to the current sociological expectations of them. Women in these societies have had to adapt to the environmental pressures put on them. They behave in an unconventional manner, as their sociological role dissolves any need for refinement and they must act and think as men would if they are to survive. Illustrations of this assertion abound. On an emotional level, women are portrayed as being very aggressive, both sexually and physically. One example of this can be found in Tom Maddoxs Snake Eyes Lizzie and George are described as rubbing up against one another....twinned, as if there were cables running between the two of them, and even describes their initial introduction, where Lizzie gives him a very passionate kiss immediately following their introduction (Mirrorshades, page 18). The passage also recounts in great detail the sexual encounter which occurs just minutes after their first encounter (page 19). On a physical level, the description of women in this genre seems to lack femininity as well. Another example from the same story is the initial sketch of Lizzie, Her blond hair was cut almost to the sku ll (page 18). This (superficial) absence of femininity is traditional in cyberpunk works. She is also described as having numerous tattoos, one on her left shoulder and curving down between her breasts, where it ended in a single blood-tear (page 18).

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Common Sense Justice Essay -- Law

commonsensical justice and jury instructions are placed together to exemplify the informative and the response between the devil like the analytic and beneficial. Conjoining these two objectives, gives them instructive potential for the virtue with the verdicts of not guilty, or hung juries, and jury nullification. These two objectives are more likely the failure of jury instructions, slightly than the failings of jurors. (Norman J. Finkel, 2000). Both of the objectives collapse a teaching method that gives jurors no time management and no chance to comprehend the differences. In the court trunk they have two laws one is black-letter law, and commonsense justice. Black-letter law is a generally known law plus the most common, and it is what the legislators have endorsed, and it was intertwined through the common-law cases and appeals decisions. Black-letter law takes the instructions away from second guesses, and disagreements, and makes a set of clear and precise rules. ( Norman J. Finkel, 2000). Commonsense justice represents the citizens and what they think what is right and wrong just and fair. The bias that jurors have inside themselves, they are taking those emotions to the jury box as they are about to judge the defendant and the law. What the citizens feel the law should be is what they think. (Norman J. Finkel, 2000). Instructions for jurors were rewritten use psycholinguistic principles which illustrated that their comprehension improved. Commonsense justice and jury instructions, adjacent on an instructive and reciprocating connection, continued to demonstrate the studies of how citizens interpreted the instructions. (Norman J. Finkel, 2000)If the instructions are not perceivable ... ...tz et. al. 1997). The standard of proof in a trial is one such fundamental tenet of criminal law. (Horowitz et. al. 1997).Works CitedHaney, Craig (1997). Commonsense Justice and Capital Punishment. Problematizing the leave behind ofthe People Psyc hology, Public Policy, and Law, 3(2/3), 303-337.Horowitz, Irwin A. (1997). Reasonable Doubt. Instructions commonsense justice and standard of proof. Psychology Public Policy, and Law, 3(2/3), 285-302Norman, Finkel J. (2000). Commonsense Justice and Jury Instructions. Instructive and Reciprocating Connections. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6(3), 591-628Norman, Finkel J. and Groscup, Jennifer L.. (1997). When Mistakes Happen. Commonsense Ruels of Culpability. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 3(1), 65-125.

The Prodigal Son in Great Expectations Essay -- Great Expectations Essa

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens is an elaborate retelling of the Biblical parable of the prodigal son (Ryken 157). It follows the life of Pip as he rises through and falls from society. He begins his life as an orphaned boy in a blacksmiths home plate to become a young gentleman of great expectations. Pip forsakes the love and care of his guardian, Joe Gargery, for advancement in society. Misfortunes befall him he loses all his wealth and he is forced to return to his home. Pip is the prodigal son who ungratefully leaves his home and squanders all his wealth. Joe Gargery is the loving father who patiently forbears and lovingly welcomes his boy back. Pips redemption is revealed in the novel. Great Expectations is a bildungsroman it is a novel which shows the education of Pip. Pip learns about the corruptness of society and the shallowness of social class. In true(p) Victorian fashion, Dickens novel is a form of social criticism it attacks the conceited notions of society.The a llusion to the parable prodigal son is hinted at early in the novel. Mr. Pumblechook and Mr. Wopsle eternally admonish Pip to be gratefulto them which brought him up by hand (Dickens 54). Mr. Wopsle declares that swine were the companions of the prodigal and an ungrateful child is worse than swine (Dickens 26). Mrs. Joe often reproaches Pip for being ungrateful. She resents having to piece Pip up since his infancy. However, Mrs. Joe abuses Pip (Ryken 156). She whips him for unnecessary reasons and is annoyed by any question he asks. The person to whom Pip owes his gratitude to is Joe. Joe had sanctified his home, making it a beautiful place (Dickens 112).Like the father in the parable, Joe loves Pip wholeheartedly and unconditionally.... ...oe, his two fathers who devoted their lives for his happiness. Pips journey home demonstrates that he has learned the pregnant lesson of gratitude. Like other literature of the Victorian Age, Great Expectations is a novel which provides ente rtainment, social criticism, and moral lessons.BibliographyPrimary SourceDickens, Charles. Great Expectations. New York Bantam, 1986. Print.Secondary SourcesThe tidings Authorized King James Version with Apocrypha. New York Oxford UP, 1997. Kappel, Lawrence, ed. Readings on Great Expectations. San Diego Greenhaven, 1999. Print.Ryken, Leland. Realms of Gold The Classics in Christian Perspective. Wheaton, IL H. Shaw, 1991. Print.Redemption and Love. Brooklyn College Department of English. 11 May 2002. Web. 10 Dec. 2010..

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Social Democracy Cures Social Inequality Essays -- Poverty Welfare Pol

For the last several hundred years with the advent of capitalism and urbanization, the waver that the enlightenment was, has reshaped the world as we know it. Great things were promised from this revolution, but as proven by time and experience this is not the case. Most humans livelihood today are living in poverty and misery with little hope of escaping it there is a small minority however who live in extravagance and abundance and whose main goal is to keep this arrangement persisting. The most significant problem/disease in our lives today is poverty and social land can cure it. Capitalism in its design needs poverty or at the very least excels when poverty is rampant. Liberalisms focus on individuality does not do enough to protect the impoverished and solve in fitity. Conservatism blatantly adores poverty and accepts inequality as natural. Socialism is a smashing concept but it is completely unrealistic and would unless happen through a revolution which in todays society i s highly unlikely. This wallpaper will begin by analyzing the ideologies and there failings in regards to social inequality, and poverty. Beginning with Liberalism, although many of the core liberal ideas postulate been accepted by all ideologies today, liberalism does only so much to end poverty, most people do not get a fair shake as this paper will show. close this paper will discuss conservatisms complete disregard for social policy and its anti-social policies. Thirdly socialism and its current unrealistic goals will be discussed. Finally, Social democracy will be analyzed, its pro-social attitudes while working within the capitalist economy.Liberalism is the dominant ideology of the industrialized countries, in regards that all other ideologies have accepte... ...t has realistic goals that can be achieved through reform. By slow transformation we can rein in capitalisms evils, and help achieve a more equal society. Works CitedHayes, M. (1994). The New Right in Britian An I ntroduction to Theory and Practice. Colorado Pluto Press.Heywood, A. (2003). Political Ideologies An Introduction. 3rd Ed. Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan.Johnston, L. (2001). Ideology. Peterborough Broadview.McNally, D. (2006). Another World Is Possible Globalization & Anti-Capitalism . Winnipeg, Canada Arbeiter call Publishing.Miliband, R. (1994). Socialism for a Sceptical Age. London Verso.Mullaly, B. (1997). Structural Social Work Ideology, Theory and Practice. 2nd Ed. Toronto Oxford University Press.Patriquin, L. (2004). Inventing Tax Rage Misinformation in the National Post. Halifax, Nova Scotia Fernwood Publishing.

Social Democracy Cures Social Inequality Essays -- Poverty Welfare Pol

For the last several hundred years with the advent of capitalism and urbanization, the stumble that the enlightenment was, has reshaped the world as we know it. Great things were promised from this revolution, but as proven by time and experience this is not the case. Most humans lively today are living in poverty and misery with little hope of escaping it there is a small minority however who live in extravagance and abundance and whose main goal is to keep this arrangement persisting. The most significant problem/disease in our lives today is poverty and social nation can cure it. Capitalism in its design needs poverty or at the very least excels when poverty is rampant. Liberalisms focus on individuality does not do enough to protect the impoverished and solve in disturbity. Conservatism blatantly adores poverty and accepts inequality as natural. Socialism is a capacious concept but it is completely unrealistic and would all happen through a revolution which in todays society is highly unlikely. This written report will begin by analyzing the ideologies and there failings in regards to social inequality, and poverty. Beginning with Liberalism, although many of the core liberal ideas hold up been accepted by all ideologies today, liberalism does only so much to end poverty, most people do not get a fair shake as this paper will show. neighboring this paper will discuss conservatisms complete disregard for social policy and its anti-social policies. Thirdly socialism and its current unrealistic goals will be discussed. Finally, Social democracy will be analyzed, its pro-social attitudes while working within the capitalist economy.Liberalism is the dominant ideology of the industrialized countries, in regards that all other ideologies have accepte... ...t has realistic goals that can be achieved through reform. By slow transformation we can rein in capitalisms evils, and help achieve a more equal society. Works CitedHayes, M. (1994). The New Right in B ritian An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Colorado Pluto Press.Heywood, A. (2003). Political Ideologies An Introduction. 3rd Ed. Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan.Johnston, L. (2001). Ideology. Peterborough Broadview.McNally, D. (2006). Another World Is Possible Globalization & Anti-Capitalism . Winnipeg, Canada Arbeiter hedge Publishing.Miliband, R. (1994). Socialism for a Sceptical Age. London Verso.Mullaly, B. (1997). Structural Social Work Ideology, Theory and Practice. 2nd Ed. Toronto Oxford University Press.Patriquin, L. (2004). Inventing Tax Rage Misinformation in the National Post. Halifax, Nova Scotia Fernwood Publishing.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Explain the psychological basis for well-being Essay

The literal meaning of psychological science from its Greek Etymology is film of the soul. A more contemporary definition from Chambers Dictionary is science of the mind or the study of mind and behavior. A fuller description is offered by the NHS Psychology is a science establish profession and is the study of people how they think, how they act, react and interact. It is concerned with on the whole aspects of behaviour and the thoughts, feelings and motivation underlying them.The idea that there is a connection between the mind and well being prat be traced back to Greek philosophers in the 4th Century BC. The Physician Hippocrates theorized that mental dis recounts were of a physical (rather than divine) nature. Aristotle investigated psychological phenomena in De Anima and a loosely related collection of short kneads c each(prenominal)ed the Parva Naturalia It seems that early Greek Philosophers appreciated that a specialist study of the soul/mind could help the physician an d natural scientist to better understand human physical existence.Psychology largely remained as a subset of Philosophy from its Greek origins through to the late 16th Century when the latin word psychologia emerged in Ger many an(prenominal) in relation to a separate science of investigation and ca workout of the mind.In 1694 the French Philosopher Rene Descartes published The Passion of the Soul. It introduced the idea of dualism, which asserted that the mind and body were two separate entities that interact to form the human experience. This publication forthwith influenced scientists such as the physician Steven Blankaart (1650 1704) to conk out Empiricism within his scientific research and who is as well as credited as being the first author to use the English word Psychology.Psychology developed rapidly during the 20th Century and established many impudently disciplines such as Psycho Analysis, Behaviorism, Personal, evolutional, Humanist and Cognitive.The work of Sigmu nd Freud and his controversial feigning of Psychoanalysis exerted significant influence on the emergence of 20th Century Psychology, and in particular the Development and Personality Theorists.The mental theories that this act result examine in detail modernize from 2 different disciplinesHumanist Psychology Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of take Unit M2c 1.3 Developmental Psychology Erik Erikson Psycho social Development A brief review of Elizabeth Kubler-Ross 5 symbolizes of Grief is also included.This essay accepts the definition of eudaimonia contained within health and social c be standards- a innate stage of being content and healthy. Psychologists generally agree that wellbeing is multi-faceted and made up of a number of components including Social, Emotional, Cultural, Spiritual, mental, Physical, and Environmental. The value of the selected Psychological theories is that they bring a conceptual framework for understanding human development and in-person nonplusth f rom both Social and inescapablybased perspective. They provide, by implication, few ideas to hypothesize about a value users behavior in particular situations. This idea will be explored further at a later point in this essay. Its fundamental, however, to appreciate the nail down to ones skill and not use a modest knowledge about Psychological Theory to diagnose a service user. Childrens Services has door to specialists such as Child Psychologists and sometimes a referral will be the most appropriate and safest decision to take.According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions and behaviours are motivated in order achieve certain occupy. Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation and his concomitant book Motivation and Personality. This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill staple fibre needs before moving on to former(a), more advanced needs.This hierarchy is most often dis und ertakeed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. Needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs support been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for gum elastic and security As people progress up the pyramid, needs accommodate increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy move important. Further up the pyramid, the need for private esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of build uping and developing as a person in order to achieve person potential. Types of NeedsMaslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior. Physiological, security, social, and esteem n eeds are deficiency needs (also known as D-needs), meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences.Maslow termed the highest-level of the pyramid as growth needs (also known as being needs or B-needs). Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person.Physiological NeedsThese include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met.Security NeedsThese include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment.Soc ial NeedsThese include needs for be presbyopicing, love, and affection. Maslow described theseneeds as slight basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and credenza, as does involvement in social, community, or spiritual groups.Esteem NeedsAfter the first three needs keep been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment.Self-actualizing NeedsThis is the highest level of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and arouse fulfilling their potential.Maslow subsequently revised his model to include stages of Cognitive and Aesthetic need that precede Self Actualization and Transcendence that follows Self Actualization.While the possible act ion is generally portrayed as a fairly rigid hierarchy, Maslow noted that the order in which these needs are fulfilled does not always follow this standard progression.For example, he notes that for some individuals, the need for self-esteem is more important than the need for love. For others, the need for creative fulfillment whitethorn supersede even the most basic needs.Whilst Maslows theory is bailiwick to criticism due to a lack of scientific basis, it is still a popular model within Psychology and other knowledge bases such as Education. Regardless of the criticisms, Maslows hierarchy of needs represents part of an important shift in Psychology. Rather than focusing on abnormal behavior and development, Maslows humane Psychology was focused on the development of healthy individuals. Re round to the definition of wellbeing, it can be seen that Maslow has provided a model that clears and values the actuality of Social, Emotional, Cultural, Spiritual, Psychological, Physical , and Environmental needs and concerns. The relevance of this model to Social Care is that it separates out individual needs from the usual age-related development models such as Attachment Theory, and Psychodynamic models of Personality Development. It provides the practitioner with a uncomplicated tool to review the care that is being planned or provided for any age service user.For example do we know that the service user has all of their physiological needs met? Can we be certain they have enough food to eat and somewhere appropriate to sleep? Do we know that their basic drives to eat, drink, sleep and excrete are all working normally? If the answer is YES the practitioner can move up the pyramid and consider the service users safety needs. If the answer is NO the immediate priority will to arrange basic physiological needs before considering anything else. This is certainly the experience of Camilla Batmanghelidj, CEO of the highly prize charity Kids Company, who understa nds that all children need love, food, safety and warmth before expecting them to do anything else. A practitioner experienced in working with Looked After Children will recognize that Esteem Needs are a great deal an influence within the upstart person. It is widely recognised that LAC have low levels of self esteem and self dominance which in turn involve on their Cognitive (Academic) experiences. Maslow provides a very useful model toestablish Outcomes related to Social needs in order to create a stronger foundation for Esteem needs. Maslow, in this respect, chimes with common intellect. How can we expect a young person to do well academically if they have low self esteem and do not feel loved and valued in their social world?Maslow clearly demonstrates that wellbeing has a Psychological basis and provides the practitioner with a model to develop positive outcomes for individuals. Erik Erikson Psychosocial Development. Also known as the 8 stages of Development.Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development is one of the known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Unlike Freuds theory of psychosexual stages, Eriksons theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole intentspan. One of the main elements of Eriksons psychosocial stage theory is the development of egotism identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According to Erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experiences and information we acquire in our day by day interactions with others. When psychologists talk about identity, they are referring to all of the beliefs, ideals, and values that help shape and guide a persons behavior. The formation of identity is something that begins in childhood and becomes particularly important during adolescence, but it is a process that continues throughout life. Our perso nal identity gives each of us an integrated and cohesive sense of self that endures and continues to grow as we age.In addition to ego identity, Erikson also believed that a sense of competence motivates behaviors and actions. Each stage in Eriksons theory is concerned with proper competent in an area of life. If the stage is handled well, the person will feel a sense of mastery, which is sometimes referred to asego strength or ego quality. If the stage is managed poorly, the person will emerge with a sense of inadequacy. In each stage, Erikson believed people experience a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. In Eriksons view, these conflicts are centered on either developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality. During these times, the potential for personal growth is high, but so is the potential for failure. Each stage builds upon the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expec ted to reappear as problems in the future.However, mastery of a stage is not required to advance to the next stage. Eriksons stage theory characterizes an individual advancing through the eight life stages as a function of negotiating his or her biological forces and sociocultural forces. Erikson believed that the stages of a persons development are linked to their social and cognitive development rather then being purely led by their physical needs. He was also interested in how the culture and society an individual lives in could influence their development.The following table, sourced from summarises the 8 Developmental Stages the Basic Conflict that is to be mastered Important Events of the Stage and the potential Outcomes.One enduring value of Eriksons theory is that it illuminates why individuals who have been thwarted in the healthy resolution of early phases (such as in learning healthy levels of trust and autonomy in toddlerhood) can experience such difficulty when the same Basic Conflict arises at later developmental stages. This is very apparent to practitioners working with Looked After Children who have been badly let down by care givers in their first years of life. There is frequently an issue of mistrust towards an individualpractitioner and the entire service that is providing their care and support. It is widely recognized that the trust that may have taken weeks to establish can be lost in an instant. Eriksons theory can provide an insight into the behavior of service users. For example disruptive behavior linked to new social or academic situations may indicate earlier issues in the Industry/Inferiority Stage. The skillful practitioner may wish to be mindful to always encourage and commend the young person for their accomplishments and abilities and ensure that colleagues and teachers are also involved in this process. The purpose will be to help the young person to develop a belief in their own competence rather than continue to feel a fa ilure and inferior. Eriksons theory also provides a useful guide to assess caring practices in terms of their ability to nurture and facilitate healthy emotional and cognitive development.Erikson clearly demonstrates that wellbeing has a Psychological basis and provides the practitioner with a model to develop positive outcomes for individuals.Elizabeth Kubler-Ross was a Swiss American medical practitioner and psychiatrist. She was a open up in near expiry studies and the author of a ground breaking book On Death and Dying (first published 1969). The book discussed her theory of 5 Stages of Grief. Kubler-Ross was born in 1926 and died in 2004.The 5 stages of grief is a hypothesis which argues that when a person is faced with the reality of impending death or other extreme, awful fate, he or she will experience a series of emotional stages denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. The stages are popularly known by the acronym DABDA. The hypothesis was animate by her wo rkwith terminally ill patients. Motivated by the lack of curriculum in medical schools, at the time, addressing the subject of death and dying, Kubler-Rossstarted a tramp about death when she became an instructor at the University of Chicagos medical school. This evolved into a series of seminars those interviews, along with her previous research, led to her book. Her work revolutionized how the U.S. medical field took care of the terminally ill. In the decades since her books publication, Kubler-Ross concept has become largely accepted by the general public however, its validity has yet to be consistently supported by the majority of research studies that have examined it.Kbler-Ross noted that these stages are not meant to be a complete list of all possible emotions that could be felt, and, they can occur in any order. Her hypothesis holds that not everyone who experiences a life-threatening/-altering event feels all five of the responses, as reactions to personal losses of any ki nd are as unique as the person experiencing them.The 5 stages includeDenial I feel fine. This cant be happening, not to me. Denial is usually only a temporary defense for the individual. This feeling is generally replaced with heightened awareness of possessions and individuals that will be left coffin nail after death. Denial can be conscious or unconscious refusal to accept facts, information, or the reality of the situation. Denial is a defense mechanism and some people can become locked in this stage. Kubler Ross recommends that family members and health professionals not prolong denial by distorting the truth about the persons condition. In doing so, they sustain the dying person from adjusting to impending death and hinder necessary arrangements, for social supports, for bringing closure, and for making decisions about medical interventions. Anger Why me? Its not fair How can this happen to me? Who is to blame? Once in the second stage, the individual recognizes that denia l cannot continue. Because of anger, the person is very difficult to care for due to mislaid feelings of rage and envy. Anger can manifest itself in different ways. People can be angry with themselves, or with others, and especially those who are close to them. It is important to remain detached and nonjudgmental when dealing with a person experiencing anger from grief.Bargaining Ill do anything for a few more years. I will give my life savings if The third stage involves the hope that the individual can somehow postpone or delay death. Usually, the negotiation for an extended life is made with a higher power in exchange for a reformed lifestyle. Psychologically, the individual is saying, I understand I will die, but if I could just do something to buy more time People facing less serious trauma can bargain or seek to negociate a compromise. For example Can we still be friends?.. when facing a break-up. Bargaining rarely provides a sustainable solution, especially if its a return of life or death. Depression Im so sad, why bother with anything? Im going to die soon so whats the point? I miss my loved one, why go on?During the fourth stage, the grieving person begins to understand the certainty of death. Because of this, the individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time crying and grieving. This process allows the dying person to disconnect from things of love and affection. It is not recommended to attempt to cheer up an individual who is in this stage. It is an important time for grieving that must be processed. Depression could be referred to as the dress rehearsal for the aftermath. It is a kind of acceptance with emotional attachment. Its natural to feel sadness, regret, fear, and uncertainty when going through this stage. Feeling those emotions shows that the person has begun to accept the situation. Acceptance Its going to be okay. I cant fight it, I may as well prepare for it. In this last stage, individuals begin to come to terms with their mortality, or that of a loved one, or other tragic event. This stage varies according to the persons situation. People dying can enter this stage a long time before the people they leave behind, who must pass through their own individual stages of dealing with the grief.Kbler-Ross originally developed this model based on her observations ofpeople suffering from terminal illness. She later expanded her theory to apply to any form of catastrophic personal loss, such as the death of a loved one, the loss of a job or income, major rejection, the end of a relationship or divorce, or drug addiction. Supporting her theory, many (both sufferers and therapists) have reported the usefulness of the Kbler-Ross Model in a wide variety of situations where people were experiencing a signicant loss. The application of the theory is think to help the sufferer to fully resolve each stage, then help them transition to the next at the appropriate time rather than getting stuck i n a particular phase or continually bouncing around from one unresolved phase to another. The subsections below give a few specic examples of how the model can be applied in different situations. These are just some of the many benets that Kbler-Ross hoped her model would provide.The value of the Kubler-Ross Model for the social care practitioner is, as with Ericsson and Maslow, to provide a useful framework to to better understand the behavior and emotional reality of a service user. Furthermore, it is intend to be a collaborative model that the practitioner and the service user can discuss together.ConclusionAll of the Theories demonstrate that wellbeing has a Psychological basis. They each demonstrate that a subjective stage of being content and healthy is related to the history of a persons life and their stream situation. They provide the creative practitioner with a framework to better understand the behavior of a service user and are therefore better equipped to consider the ir immediate and long term care to ensure positive outcomes.Bibliographyhttp//www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/explore-by-career/psychological-therapies/careers-inpsychological-therapies/psychologist/http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/arist otle-psychology/7http//psychclassics.yorku.ca/Krstic/marulic.htmhttp//psychology.about.com/od/historyofpsychology/a/psychistory.htm http//psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/u/psychology-theories.htm http//www.ekrfoundation.org/five-stages-of-grief/

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Percentages in Our Life

Percentages in real world Keywords math, divide, percentage, interest, persent change Around the year 1260, the philosopher Roger Bacon wrote Mathematics is the door and the key to the sciences for the things of this world cannot be made known with discover a knowledge of mathematics. Centuries later this is as unfeigned as ever. Mathematics is unique. It is both a beautiful and fascinating world of abstract structures and ideas and a down-to-earth, practical subject at the heart of modern science and technology.Much of its attraction comes from studying the relationship between theory and practice an elegant theorem on complex functions, for psychometric testple, as well governs the lift on an aircraft wing, and apparently highly abstract algebraic results have important consequences in data security. There is one of the way to express how whopping/small one quantity is, relative to another quantity in math we delectation percentage. A percentage is a part of something expres sed as a value by of a hundred. Percentages are an important part of our everyday lives. Some examples include bargains and discounts interest evaluate percentage come up of rainfall xam results statistics and survey results sports statistics. Percentage is a very handy way of writing fractions. Percentages can be compared more easily than fractions(fraction (from Latin fractus, broken) represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts, for example, one-half, eight-fifths, three-quarters). A percent can always be written as a decimal, and a decimal can be written as a percent, by moving the decimal point two places to the right. The history of percentages goes back to the superannuated Egyptians who wrote numbers (based on tens) alongside pictures called hieroglyphs. The idea of xpressing parts of the whole are constantly in the same proportions, due to practical considerations, was born in antediluvian patriarch times from the Babylonians, who used t he sexagesimal fractions. Already in Babylonian cuneiform dining tables are problems on the calculation of interest. Interest and have been known in India. Indian mathematicians calculated the percentages, using the so-called rule of three, that is, using a proportion. Examples 1)To calculate a percentage value from absolute numbers Peter scores 25 out of 32 in an exam, what is his result as a percentage? To calculate Peters percentage score it is necessary to change 25 out of 32 into ? ut of c. So 25/32=? / light speed This is done by multiplying the actual score by 100 25/32 x 100 = 78% So 25/32 is the same as 78/100 So John got 78% in his exam. 2)To calculate the true value a percentage represents A camera normally costs ?120 but in the sale it has been reduced by 15%. How untold discount does this represent? (ie 15% of 120) 15% of 120 = 15 out of 100 of 120. 15 out of 100 can be written as 15/100 So =15/100*120 =0. 15*120 =18 Therefore 15% represents ?18 discount on the camer a, the sale price be ?102 (?120 little discount ?18). 3)To calculate percentage increases and decreasesPercent increase and percent decrease are measures of percent change, which is the extent to which something gains or loses value. Percent changes are recyclable to help people recognize changes in a value over time. Lets look at example of percent increase and decrease. A particular sucker of milk cost 35 per bag last week. This week it costs 42 per bag. By what percentage has the price risen? Percentage increase = material increase/Original value x 100 In these example actual increase = 42 35 = 7 original value = 35 Therefore Percentage increase = 7/35 x 100 = 0. 2 x 100 = 20% The price has risen by 20%. )To compare or combine results with different base values Dina sat two exams last week. In science she scored 68 out of 100. In maths she scored 39 out of 60. Which subject did she do the stovepipe in? This is not instantly clear. The results would be easier to compare i f they had the same base ie they were both out of the same number. The easiest way to do this is to change them both to percentages. Use the same method as with Peters exam results earlier. Make them both out of 100. Science 68 out of 100 = 68% This one is easy because the mark is already out of 100. Maths 39 out of 60 = ? ut of 100 39/60 x 100 = 65% So, Dina did better in her science exam than her maths exam. 5)Percentages more than 100% This can seem confusing. Sometimes 100% represents a whole one. For example, in exams you cant do any better than 100% as this represents all the marks available. Likewise when looking at percentage chances, there can be no more than a 100% chance of rain. This represents a certainty. even so, there are other situations where you can use percentages that are more than one hundred. For example, a country experiencing hyper-inflation can have an inflation rate of, say, 300%.If you think of this as 300 out of a hundred, this may seem impossible. How ever, you could think of it as 300 for every hundred and then(prenominal) it makes more sense. After all, any percentage gives a score for every hundred. An exam result of 68% is 68 correct answers for every hundred questions. Looking back at the inflation situation, you now need 300 more units of money for every hundred units you needed before. If you are not sure whether you can use percentages greater than one hundred in a particular situation, the best way to check is to invent some numbers or an example and see if the result is sensible. ) A table normally sells for J750 in a sale it is reduced by one hundred eighty%. Does this make sense? First, what is 180% of 750 180% x 750 = 1350 So, how much would the table be in the sale (750 1350 = 600)? As the table cannot be sold for less than nothing, it does not make sense, percentages greater than 100 cannot work in this situation. b) A shoe manufacturer sells 10,000 pairs of trainers in the month of May. During the knowledge domain Cup demand increases and by August sales have risen by 180%. Does this make sense? First work out 180% of 10,000 180% x 10,000 = 18,000So the manufacturer sold 18,000 more pairs of trainers in August than in May. This would mean that sales of trainers in August totalled 28,000 (10,000 + 18,000). This does make sense, so percentages greater than 100 can be used in this context. Why do we use percentages? The use of percentages in many financial situation is so essential that is is worth spending a few moments considering why this is so. If you need to divide something up into portions so that each person gets an appropriate share of the whole then percentages are a good way to go about it.If a pie is divided into two parts so that A gets twice as much as B then the appropriate percentages are 66. 66% and 33. 33%. As long as the pie is shared out into these percentages the two-to-one ratio will be maintained. When relative importance is gauged as a ratio then a percentage allo cation is appropriate. However notice that as the total amount to be divided increases the absolute gap between what A and B receive increases. This property of a percentage increase/decrease of keeping ratios fixed is less arguably appropriate when what is being shared is less obvious. For example. f A and B work for an minutely rate of $20 per hour and $10 per hour then a percentage wage rise of 10% will keep the two-to-one payment the same at $22 per hour and $11 per hour. However the differential between the two rates of pay has jumped from $10 to $11. If a percentage increase is repeatedly applied the differential between the hourly rates goes on steadily rising even though the two-to-one ratio remains unchanged. This isnt necessarily wrong but it is important that all concerned understand that a percentage increase or decrease keeps existing ratios fixed but changes absolute differences.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Federal Reserve Paper

Federal Reserve Paper Alex Layer Macroeconomics On October 23 and 24 the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee held a meeting to discuss what they need to do or continue to do to stimulate the economy. According to the statement consumer spending has increased, but investment in companies has act to decrease. They also said that inflation has increased which ca social occasions energy costs to go up, but the expectations are looking good. The Fed decided that continuing to buy securities would be a good idea since they are trying to lower the long-term interest rates.Their plan is to continue purchasing these mortgage backed securities until the labor markets improve. They willing also plan on purchasing more assets if that is the case. The Committee wants to continue extending the holding of Treasury securities, and it is keeping the policy of reinvesting principal payments from the holding of office staff debt and agency mortgage-backed securities. Their goal by doing this is to keep the Federal funds rate between 0 and . 25%. All of this will increase securities held in the long run. They ascertain the interest rates by buying securities through open market operations.The Committee decided that the economy is getting better but too informal so that is why they decided to take these actions to try and increase the speed. According to The New York Times article , they want to max out employment and damage stability, which will help stimulate the economy. After reading the Committees statement I have concluded that they are using expansionary policies or easy money policies. I figured they are doing this since they are buying and holding their securities in an attempt to raise the aggregate demand.I do agree with what the Fed is mean to do in an attempt to stimulate the economy. I this it is a good idea since our economy is still in somewhat of a slump to use the easy money policies to increase the aggregate demand by changing the interest rates. Overal l I agree with what they plan to do seeing that it should accomplish us a positive outlook on the economy in the time to come. Sources http//www. nytimes. com/2012/10/25/business/economy/fed-affirms-low-rates-and-sees-moderate-growth. html? hp&_r=1& http//www. federalreserve. gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20121024a. htm

Friday, May 24, 2019

Social networks

Just a twelvemonths ago the idea of kindly networks was revolutionary. hearty network is a place where people go to connect with their friends, family, and love ones, approximately even subprogram it to made new friends. societal networking service is a Web lay that allows individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile. Social networking represent of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Flickr, Tumbler, Pinterest, My space, Youtube, Google+, its a getaway or an easy way to communicate. But can it be good Hi5, FaceTime etc. thing to societalize through?The social networks has its pros and cons all depending n how you decide to use it. I myself use this kind of communication to stay connected with people. Without a doubt, the best reason to Join any social networking site is that it lets you make connections with otherwise people. You can use social networking sites to stay up to speed with what your friends are doing. Social networks help us to made our society wear in a n away. more of us are now able to once again connect with friends and relatives from far and wide without having to waste money paying for supranational phone calls.We can alike share elements of our life, from what we enjoy o photos of ourselves and those in our lives. It is like being a part of that persons world, even though distance keeps you apart. At least one month I talk to my grandma in Dominican Republic by Skype, it help me to feel like Im their next to her. This unify sides help to crimine-solving. The NYPD investigate gang-related crimes on social media networks. Recently, the NYPD nabbed about 60 gang members who boasted about violent criminal activity on social media (Sa earththa Rupert, 2013).A nonher good example, The police force was able to find the bother and dad of the guy that aused the Boston massacre throughout Facebook. Social media has made it possible for like minded individuals to discuss primary(prenominal) topics, widen their personal knowledge a nd discoer things they never knew before. For example, young people around the world are now more involved than ever in their countrys politics. The last presidential elections in the US are proof of that. Social media has contributed to that increase in a big way. However, social networks help to promote your business.Million Americans veritable help with major life issues (changing Jobs, finding a new place to live, buying car, and caring for someone with an illness) from people in their social networks or advertisement. Many social networking sites like Myspace and Facebook make it easy to organize an event and invite your friends. Some sites allow you to group friends using different criteria, including geographic location. Last year with a couple of click in Facebook, I invite my friends and family to my birthday party and find the perfect outfit for that special day. Several social networking sites also act as application platforms.You can find dozens of applications ranging from quizzes to games to estaurant review programs. This wed sides can be really helpful Whether its via Facebook, Twitter or Instagram, social media plays a major part in thing-primarily because it takes us away from whats really important in life. Like the way it has allowed us to hide behind screens and particular our social interaction face to face. Just think of how many people you have on your Facebook friends list. How many of them do you see on a semi-regular rump? At all? Thanks to the social networks we are more likely to spend more time in our phone than with our family.When I take the exact at least 6 of 10 people are using their phones. Statistics of 2013 said that 4. 2 billion people use their mobile device to portal social media sites and 79% of smartphones owners use their phone at least 2 hours at day (Fast Company, 2013). Perhaps the biggest online social networking drawback is that it makes identity theft easier. On the other hand, if you share too much you m ay discover that someone else is using your identity. They might even be destroying your credit rating or attempting to access your email or financial information.The phenomenon of social networking has taken todays youth culture by storm. At the same time, it has raised serious concerns about the security and privacy of the teenagers. Social medias are the reason of online predators, cyber bullying, ruined reputations, and other dangers have parents fearing the worst and wondering how to talk to their kids about the issue. Whats a parent to do? As a parent, probably the best thing we can do for our teens is try to provide a solid example of how to balance our personal and our digital lives, Vartabedian said. l think this applied science is all ere to stay. Its not going anywhere but the relationship that we share with that technology is something that we can influence and we can influence early on in life. I agree with Vartabedian, because the social networks are really popular and everyday is a new one. As a parents we need to understand that our kids will use it without permission or without it. The Technology always will be to assess of our kids, we Just need To teach them the right way. The statistics in social networks of 2013 show that over 5 million Facebook users are under the age often.This is a stunningly large umber, which shows that young children have easy access to social media ( Mark scot, 2013). Social networks can be used for positive activities, like connecting kids with friends and family, helping students with school, and for entertainment. But these tools can also be used to hurt other people. one of the biggest problems of social networks is cyber bullying affects many adolescents and teens on a daily basis. Cyber bullying involves using technology, like cell phones and the Internet, to bully or harass another person.Cyber bullying can be very damaging to adolescents and teens. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicide. Al so, once things are circulated on the Internet, they may never disappear, resurfacing at later times to renew the pain of cyber bullying. One famous example of Cyber bullying was 2010 University student Tyler Clementi Jumped to his death off a bridge in September. Clementis sexual encounter with another man in his dorm room was video streamed on the internet by his roommate and a hallmate.After the roommates second attempt to record another of Clementis sexual encounters, Clementi perpetrate suicide (ABC News). On the one hand, the online predators is another problem that the society is Internet to steal personal information or search for victims. Crimes that involve online predators include abduct and child sex abuse. At least 1. 8 million children are used in commercial sex, many sold into sexual slavery by poor families and others abducted and trafficked into brothels (International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children).The UN reports that 79% of human trafficking is sex ual exploitation (International Centre for Missing Exploited Children, 2009). Catfish is omeone who pretends to be someone theyre not using Facebook or other social media to create false identities, particularly to pursue deceptive online romances. The term catfish is derived from the title of a 2010 documentary film, in which filmmaker Nev Schulman discovers that woman hed been carrying on an online relationship is a fake profile. Theres a good show in MTV that is called Catfish were Max and Joseph help people to discover persons that they have a relationship online.For example, the episode of last week was about one guy that gave his credit card umber to the girl that he had a relationship online. Max and Joseph help him to meet her and the guy discover that she was a man. Sometime this people that made a fake profile, because the social networks & media created a certain image of how you supposed to look. The main reason of this fake profiles is because they dont feel good abou t themselves and the feeling they dont going to be accepted by the society by the way they look. Clay Shirky said, Our social tools are not an improvement to modern society, they are a challenge to it.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Economics Essay

1. What did Keynes think some of the chief benefits and defects of capitalist economy were?Keynesian theory which was authentic by Keynes advocates for a mixed economy where the administration and private sector are important. In Keynesian get economy is assumed to be to a milder place full employment. Keynesian argues that the aggregate demand for good which seek to increase employment of resources in the country is the driving force of an economy. According to Keynes, the governments role is to reduced unemployment roam and deflation level to enhance increased outturn in an economy (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003).Capitalism developed by Max argues that the poor in capitalistic society are so because of exploitation by the merchants who own the inwardness of production and distribution. The merchants are said to exploit the poor through with(predicate) low wages. Marx argued that the value of any scotch good should be determined by the labor used to manufacture. Any cost that is higher(prenominal) than the cost of labor represents the surfeit which is the meshwork the capitalists realize from exploitation of their laborers. Marx believes that all means of production should be owned by the government or should control by the government. Marx advocated for socialist government that owns the means of production or democratic administration that control them.Economists who include Keynes deny the claims of Marx that labor is the only measure for surplus. According to Keynes who view as capitalism, employers and employees are manoeuver by the prevailing securities industry wages thusly employers offer employment to willing workers.John Keynes believes in capitalistic economy and called on the government to score it but not eliminate it. However, Keynes site defect in capitalism where he argues that capitalism does not promote full employment, wealth and incomes which the model seeks to touch in the long run.Keynesian ideologies have been employed by po litician but both abuse of the model, inflation has resulted. This is evident with government manipulating policies to make economic conditions favorable during election which has led to high inflation in most state. Action by government leads to reduce real wages and real incomes which do comply with Keynes model. Capitalism has led to segregation of the society into strata according to income and wealth owned. Most politician use Keynes ideologies by making promises that will earn them votes. Implementations of the promises make higher taxation which reduces income of separates (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003).Keynesian advocate for full employment which should be accompanied buy steady controlled inflation level as an effective means of guiding the economy in he interests of capital. Keynes argue that real wages can be willed to fall, government expenditure on schools, hospitals and infrastructure can be reduced as anti-inflationary measures and this inflationary measure should be continued until employment level desired is achieved.According to Keynes denied that unemployment is contributed by capitalism. However Keynes argued that unemployment in capitalism is brought by inadequate demand of personal articles of consumption and productive articles of consumption. Keynes argue that inadequate demand is as a result of the workers tending to accumulate part of their incomes through savings and the inadequate demand for productive consumption is brought by failure of people to invest their capital profitability which would lead to increase in output and hence reduced unemployment.Keynes advocates that employment can be increased by operose real wages through inflation introduction and decreasing rate of interest. Increased rate of interest will encourage investment of capital which will increase aggregate demand. The government should then expand its budget to allow mass investment.Consumptive demand can be increased through increased extravagance of the ruli ng class investing in war addicted areas and increased non-productive expenses by the state. The increased non-productive expenses to attain full employment of the population will actually lead to diminished living standards of laborers.Keynes in his support for capitalism argued that the workers should not be assisted to rise above the capitalists because capitalists who consist of intellectuals are the quality of life and they carry seed of achievement. Keynes argued against socialism where the government owns the production.Keynes in support of capitalism advocates the governments to support monopoly. The wage freezing policy by the federal government in Middle East helped increase the profits of the monopolies while lowering the living standards of the workers.Keynes argue that inflation bring about equilibrium position I n capitalism. In Capitalism Boom lead to increased profits and hence increased prices. Production expands up to overproduction point where equilibrium is achi eved through boom bursting.2. What is the identification problem in using econometric abbreviation?Identification problem in ecometrics involves solving unique values of the parameters of the structural model from the values of the parameters of the reduced form of the model. Reduced form of a model presents a model where endogenous variables are expressed functions of exogenous variables. For example prices in a marker are determined by supply and demand, hence must establish the demand and supply functions. However, the equation obtained by regressing quantity on market price cannot be identified specifically as any supply or demand function. In special cases, we use regression to get demand function. While holding supply function constant or vice versa, but cannot obtain regression while accommodating fluctuation changes in both (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003).Economics EssayThe three areas of economics advert an individual both positively and negatively. First, in making decisio ns, a person often has to decide on tradeoffs because he/she just cannot afford to buy everything that he/she needs. In other words, sacrifices must be made. Economics, after all, is about allocating the resources available to a person which happens to be scarce most of the time. This would mean, for instance, that if one has set aside $10 dollars for chocolates and he/she wants to buy some oranges, the decision would often entail buying less chocolates to enable him/her to buy some oranges.This effect is often interpreted as a negative one because a person has to let go of one want in order to satisfy another desire. This illustration understandably shows that budget constraint plays a major role in decision-making. (Mankiw, 2004) The second area of economics, interaction with others, affects members of society positively because in a free market economy, prices could not just be dictated by producers and sellers without the involvement or say of the consumers.In other words, if t he price of a certain commodity arouses withal expensive, consumers would usually look for cheaper alternatives, thereby causing the demand for the more expensive version to fall. If the 21 colored television set produced by Sony Corporation, for instance, has been priced much higher than the 21 colored television of Philips, chances are that consumers would opt for the television set being sold by Philips because of the lower price. In this case, preference for Sony, which might prove to have a higher quality, could only be expressed by those who have the money, therefore feeling no budgetary constraints.Finally, the workings of the economy could affect an individual both positively and negatively. One instant is when government decides to print and circulate an abnormally high volume of money. This situation forces money to depreciate in value, thereby resulting to inflation. A high level of inflation causes prices to increase because of the additional costs being shouldered by manufacturers owing to the lower value of money. An tiptop of this situation, however, could be a temporary increase in employment. Because of the availability of money, employers can afford to hire additional workers. (Mankiw, 2004)

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Abortion & human

The term miscarri period refers to the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of the fetus or embryo from the womb impressioning in its death. The term is most commonly used to refer to the induced abortion of a human pregnancy.Abortions in humans quite a little occur ad libitum where it is carried unwrap due to complications that occur in the duration of the pregnancy this is also called a miscarriage or it can be induced.An abortion can all be cure in which case the abortion is induced with the aim of protecting the health of the mother or it can also be termed as an elective abortion in which case the abortion is procured for reasons other than protecting the health of the mother.Abortion has a long history and whereas modern advancements in the medical realism construct allowed for the use of medications and relatively safe surgical procedures to induce abortion, the traditional methods included the use of sharp tools to inflict physical trauma. A pregnanc y can be intentionally terminated in a number of ways.The manner selected mainly depends on the gestational age of the embryo or fetus the ample gestational age of a full pregnancy being approximately twenty two weeks.The procedure may also depend on the rightfulness of the procedure in the particular country, the availability of the procedure in terms of the equipment required as well as the skilled personnel to carry it out. It may also depend on the preference of both the doctor and the patient whereby both parties may settle on one procedure in privilege of another.In cases where the decision to undergo elective abortion is based on therapeutic causes, the termination of the pregnancy maybe carried out in an attempt to save the bearing of the mother.This is done in cases where medical doctors have determined that to allow the pregnancy to develop further would pose a considerable risk to the life of the mother.The abortion can also be carried out where medical doctors have ascertained that an abortion of the pregnancy would preserve the physical or mental health of the mother.A therapeutic abortion can also be carried out to terminate a pregnancy that would result in a child born with a unlearned disorder that would be fatal. It can also be carried out in cases associated with multiple pregnancies to selectively reduce the number of fetuses to lessen the health risks.There are non-homogeneous techniques and procedures that can be used in terminating a pregnancy. One of these methods is medical abortion that uses pharmaceutical drugs to terminate the pregnancy. Medical abortion is a non surgical method.Surgical methods have a variety of options. In the first twelve weeks, vacuum abortion is the most common method consists of removing the fetus or embryo, placenta and membranes by suction, it can be done manually use a manual syringe or by using an electric pump. Another method of abortion is by dilation and curettage which involves cleaning of the walls of the uterus with a curette.Where the pregnancy is in the second trimester other techniques must be used to induce premature delivery using other drugs. Another method that can be used to terminate a pregnancy in its latter stages is hysterotomy abortion which is a procedure standardised to a caesarean section and is performed under general anesthesia.Abortion is at times also attempted by causing trauma to the abdomen however the tier of force if severe can cause serious internal injuries without succeeding in killing the fetus. This kind of abortion can be subject to criminal liability in many countries.Reported methods of unsafe and self induced abortion by insertion of non surgical implements such as knitting needles and clothes hangers into the uterus have been seen in developing nations but rarely in developed countries where surgical abortion is legal and accessible.Also in countries where abortion is not legal the significant women may seek to terminate the pregn ancies in illegal setups which could also lead to the women losing their lives in the process of trying to secure an abortion.The practice of abortion also comes with variant health risks and complications. The risk of complications can increase depending on how far the pregnancy has progressed. Early term surgical abortion is a simple procedure which is safer than abortions carried out much later in the pregnancy.The risks that come with abortion maybe physical pain or mental anguish for the patient as a result of the emotional attachment that could have been formed with the pregnancy, lack of social support to assist the patient in coping with her decision or even as a result where the woman may have been forced into having an abortion and she would personally have wanted to carry the pregnancy for a full term, bearing of pre-existing psychiatric illness whereby the woman may already have been having mental complications that are now compounded by the effects of the abortion.Also in almost cases the woman might suffer from mental anguish as a result of the guilt that the woman may be tactual sensationing as a result of the abortion, this is usually the case especially where the woman comes from a strong religious background that does not support abortion.Women choose to undergo abortion for several(a) reasons. Some women procure abortions due to a sense of immaturity. This is usually the case especially where young women in their teenage and early twenties are concerned.They feel that they are not yet ready for the responsibilities that accompany motherhood. They may also feel that a child at such a young age will act as a barrier to her chance of advancing in her career or to her chances of pursuing a higher education. Some women may also terminate pregnancies in an attempt to end childbearing.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Chemistry Investigation to find the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide Essay

During the experiment the crucible used was slightly damaged however did non continue to break or pee-pee any inconvenience to the investigation. For approximately ten minutes, no reaction was visible. The substance contained no odour. After approximately fifteen minutes the piece of atomic number 12 commenced to trim down with an overall duration of twenty minutes. When burnt, the magnesium converted to bright orange colour. During the reaction the lid of the crucible was lifted to see any changes or if the magnesium had combusted, and whilst doing this white smoke escaped the crucible which whitethorn perhaps be magnesium oxide. By the completion of the reaction, it was noticed that not all of the magnesium was combusted and unexpended some silvery remnants.*Missing numbers are due to incomplete number of trials by the groups and/or the results lacked in validityData ProcessingFrom the info collected from the reaction of magnesium (mg) with oxygen was used to calculate the emp irical formulae and to obtain the uncertainties. The tables are arranged in a chronological order of the puzzle out of data. With the process of data will produce the empirical formulae which will be used to compare with a speculative measure. A graph is included to go to in the comparison of the theoretical empirical formulae to the experimented empirical formulae in a visual format.Sample CalculationsTo acquire the data required to evaluate the empirical formulae, the spate and moles of Mg, O and MgO were required to be calculated first. Once that is completed, there would be enough information to then calculate the empirical formulae to then compare it to the theoretical value.Table 2 Sample calculation when finding the volume and mole of the magnesium, oxygen and magnesium oxide (g), percentage uncertainty and empirical formulae.Conclusion and JustificationThe subjecting of this investigation was that the mass of magnesium after combustion could be used to calculate the empirical formula of magnesium oxide and it has been established that the hypothesis is supported. Throughout the touch of data many results were obliterated die to the lack of validity. Thus, the data collected provided inaccurate results. When represented in Graph 1 the result did not was not equivalent to the theoretical ratio of 1 1. Nevertheless, when displayed in Table 6 the average ratio was 1 1 matching the theoretical of 1 1 which supports the hypothesis.Evaluation of DataIn Graph 1, it was noticed that there were many random errors with the experiment. Such as, the constant opening of the lid when checking for the combustion during the investigation would prevail caused temperature changes thus, slower the combustion of the Mg. As displayed at the bottom of each table, many of the collected data were disposed as they were not valid. With many of the data remove the number of trials decreased along with the reliability.The precision of the data can be shown by the R2 on Graph 1. The R2 value represents the decent fit to which the range from 0.1 to 1. In this investigation, the R2 value is 0.0351 which indicates that the data was not accurate which in turn reveals that there was perhaps lack of precision. Which again adds the inaccuracy of the data that does not agree with the theoretical value of 1 1 to be imprecise.Overall, this investigation has provided data that is neither precise nor authorized due to the trials completed by group of researchers. Also, the empirical formula may have been affected by the rounding of three decimal places. However, the rounding of the decimal places may not significantly affect the reliability of the experiment.Suggestion for ImprovementsAt the beginning of the experiment, the Bunsen burner was not under the crucible andWe had to move the Bunsen burner directly under the crucible. Because of this it may have affected how much heat interacts with the magnesium. In a replication of this investigation it is ad vised that the Bunsen burner is to be placed directly under the crucible. This should also be written in the method.A major(ip) error in the experiment was that many of the trials within the raw data were removed do to the lack of validity. These were generally due to the miss interpretation of mass or the mass had not been recorded. Because these errors came from having too many researchers doing each trial, perhaps having a smaller group of researcher will able to generate reliable results by reducing the random errors.The method required the lid to be lifted up quickly .However, due to infor a while the lifted was lifted up and not placed down until after a few moments and the heat or magnesium oxide could have escaped from therefore affecting the results. And so, if this restate the lifting of the lid should be constantly and quickly. Or, utilise a transparent crucible that allows the observation of the Mg but still containing the MgO.The window was open during the experiment w hich caused the damage of MgO due to the strength of the wind. To minimise the loss of MgO it would be recommended for the experiment to be conducted within a fume cupboard so that no wind could ontogenesis the loss of MgO when opening the lid or as stated before a transparent crucible would allow the observation of the Mg without the need to open the lid of the crucible.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Gap Model in Services Marketing

The GAP MODEL in SERVICES MARKETING GAP 1 The hurly burly between the node expected go and company sensing of guest expectation. Inadequate market research. Design, hire and follow out appropriate market research. Poor communication between clients and management and betweenDesign and implement an upward communications programme. front line employees and managers. want of, or poor marker segmentation. Build guest relationships through market segmentation techniques and customer retention strategies revolve around on transactions rather than relationships. Focus on new customers rather than existing customers. GAP 2The gap between company perception of customer expectations and development of customer driven work designs and standards. overleap of standardization of Service behavior &Reengineering actions. miss of formal process for setting table service Establish the Service Encounter sequence quality goals. Lack of customer defined standard s. Identify existing or desired service encounter sequence. Translate customer expectations into behaviors and actions. Select behavior and actions for standards Select appropriate Hard and Soft standards Enable feedback mechanisms for measurement to standards Establish measures and tooshie levels Track measures vs. tandards Give mathematical operation to employees Inadequate service Leadership Synthesizing, articulating, promoting commitment and implementing the service vision. (The leadership model). Lack of understanding that that quality PIMS research. service is indeed a profit strategy Incomplete performance estimate system In addition to financial measures include, the customer perspective, the operational perspective and the innovative perspective to performance appraisal. GAP 3 The Gap between Customer driven service designs and standards and service delivery. The Employees partings in service delivery Hum an Resources Strategies Ineffective recruitment Hire the right people Role ambiguity and role conflict Poor employee-technology- credit line fit Develop people to deliver service quality Inappropriate evaluation and compensation systems Lack of empowerment and teamwork Provide needed support systems Retain the best people (Details in the human resource strategies wheel pg 312 Zeithaml) Key factors tie in to Intermediaries Strategies for effective service delivery through intermediaries production line conflict over objectives and performance Develop and implement Channel conflict over costs and rewards accountant strategies Difficulty obligateling quality and consistency Empowerment strategies across outlets Partnering Strategies Tension between empowerment and control Channel ambiguity Key factors related to Customers Strategies for enhancing customer participation Customers lack understanding of their roles Define customers job Customer s unwilling or unable to perform their Recruit, Educate and reward customers roles deal out the customer mix Customers are not rewarded for good performance Other customers interfere Market segments are incomplete Key factors related to collect and competency Strategies for matching tally and demand Failure to smooth peaks and valleys of demand Match supply and demand through (i) shifting demand to match capacity or Overuse of capacity (ii) flexing capacity to meet demand Attracting inappropriate customer segments to Demonstrate the benefits and risks of yield management strategies in build demand establishing balances mong the service variables Relying too much on price to smooth demand Manage waiting lines for epoch when capacity and demand cannot be aligned Legal and Cultural barriers in international Opportunities in International services marketing Adapting the service Adapting promotion and distribution Adapting entry modes Adapting communica tions Adapting workforce management Adapting service employees incentives Adapting service standards Adapting market research internationally GAP 4 The Gap between Service legal transfer and External communications to Customers Factors relating to communications Strategies to match service promise with delivery Inadequate management of service promises Manage service promises Over promising in advertising and personal sellingReset customer expectations Insufficient customer education Improve customer education Inadequate horizontal communication Manage horizontal communications Differences in policies and procedures across departments Key factors relating to pricing Pricing Strategies Assuming customers have university extension price for services Match customer perception of value with appropriate pricing strategy that narrowly defining price as monetary cost match each customer definition polarity wrong quality level with inappropriate Cost ba sed price Demand based non understanding customer value definitions Competition based Not matching price strategy to customer value Value based definitions Key factors related to Physical Evidence Physical usher strategy Incompatible or inconsistent physical turn up Over promising through physical evidence Recognize the strategic impact of physical evidence Lack of physical evidence strategy defend the physical evidence of services Clarify roles of the services cape Assess and identify physical evidence opportunities Be ready to update and modernize the evidence Work cross-functionally

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Evidence Based Practice Essay

The fol downhearteding(a) ssion of this assign ment attempts to critically appraise the venUS III randomised control tryout (RTC) published in the British Medical Journal. As a student/ bring aroundthcargon worker who is new to critical idea I am aw be that I do non fully understand or so of the calculations knobbed in reporting of findings, however Greenhalgh (2006) argued, all you really take aim to know is what the go around test is to contribute in given circumstances, what it does and what might affect its validity/appropriateness.When caring for patients it is essential that Healthcare Professionals are using current best utilization. To determine what this is they must be able to read research, as not all research is of the same quality or measurement therefore Healthcare Professionals should not barely take research at face value simply because it has been published (Cullum and Droogan, 1999 Rolit and Beck, 2006). I am finish this assignment to cultivate the ski lls at enable me to effectively assess the validity of research that may counterfeit my practice.There are numerous tools on hand(predicate) to help reviewers to critique research studies (Tanner 2003). I endure choose to use the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. I chose CASP as it is simple, directive and appropriate to quantitative research. The research article had a clear concise and easily understandable title and abstract. Titles should be 10/15 words dogged and should clearly identify for the ref the purpose of the direct (Connell Meehan, 1999). Titles that are too long or too short move be confusing or misleading (Parahoo, 2006).From the abstract the reader should be able to determine if the study is of interest and whether or not to continue reading (Parahoo, 2006). The author(s) qualifications and business organisation can be a useful exponent into the researcher(s) companionship of the battlefield under investigation and mightiness to ask the a ppropriate questions (Conkin Dale, 2005). The authors of the venUS III trial were from a range of academic and clinical backgrounds and are considered experts in their fields.The VenUSIII RTC clearly set out its objective to consider the clinical authorization of weekly high frequency ultrasonography on hard to heal venous nog ulcerations, (hard to heal was defined). In cases where participants had more than one venous leg ulcer the largest ulcer would be tracked if ultra overweight intervention was allocated this site received the treatment. Outcomes to be considered where clearly outlined and method of measurement/collection defined. The study screened 1488 people with leg ulcers and 337 people became participants (22. %) Participants were randomised and evenly distributed, 168 to echography therapy (dependant variable) plus standard care (experimental concourse) and 169 to standard care only when (control group) This is reported as being the largest trial under taken on t he subject of therapeutic ultrasound for wound healing and earlier studies are referenced in support this statement. The study was cross-sectional, its population was taken from both community and district nurse led services as well as infirmary outpatient clinics.The 12 care settings used where taken from both rural and urban settings. A good take is one that is representative of the population from which it was selected (Gay 1996) Venous leg ulcers enumerates rise sharply with time with an estimated 1 in 50 people over the come on of 80 developing venous leg ulcers (NHS choices 2012). The age of the participants in the study ranged from 20-98 years old, however the median age overall was 71. 85 and the mean age was 69. 44 years old across the study, well below the age range where venous leg ulcers are most seen.The assignment of participants treatment was friction matchly randomised treatment was blindly allocated 168 to ultrasound therapy plus standard care and 169 to standa rd care only. Randomisation was conducted by an free lance deputation (York trials Unit) The lack of attrition bias was a strong positive for the venUS III trial, it had a low loss to follow up rate. The nurses providing treatment where not blind to which treatment had been allocated, this may impact on construct validity as in some cases it is suggested that control subjects are compensated in some way by wellnesscare staff or family for not receiving research intervention (Barker 2010).Nurses who were blinded were employ to trace the ulcers. Participating patients were not blind to the treatment/s. As one of the measured outcomes was patients perceptions of health, assessed by a questionnaire (SF-12) it is reasonable to conceive that this assessment may have been influenced by the patients awareness of the treatment type they were receiving then creating the possibility for assessment bias. Construct validity may also be impacted on peoples behaviours as a response to being ob served or to the treatment because they believe it will have a positive effect. Barker 2010) Healing date was assessed remotely by independent assessors who where blind to the treatment parceling this guards against assessment bias. Overall both treatment groups were equal in size. Both treatment groups had an almost equal average age of study participants, this is important because inequality in age between the groups would represent a heterogeneous population (Barker 2010). Venous leg ulceration is more common in woman than men in those below 85 year of age (Moffat 2004) the trial participants had a female majority.Probably the weakest fragment of the study was the probability of performance bias. Standard care comprised of low adherent dressings and quartette-layer bandaging that was high compression, cut back compression or no compression depending upon the participants tolerance. Any changes to the regime where recorded and where make at the discretion of the treating clinic ian. Standard care was practiced in accordance with local protocol and could have varied between locations the quality of standard care given may be considered to be a confounding variable.Surveys of reported practice of leg ulcer care by nurses have demonstrated that knowledge often falls far short of that which is ideal (Bell 1994, Moffat 2004, Roe 1994) and that there is a wide stochastic variable in the nursing management of people with leg ulcers in the United Kingdom (UK) (Elliot 1996, Moffat 2004, Roe 1994). thumping variation in healing rates according to trial centre is a further indicator that standard care is so variable that it potentially affects the reliability of results.No treatment fidelity checks were undertaken and no observation regime beyond usual practice of the treating nurses practice was implemented patronage nurses being new to ultrasound application. Nurses were deemed qualified later one day of training, these nurses where then also considered compete nt to train other local nurses who would be providing treatment. The ultrasound treatment given during the venous III trial did not give any additional effect on ulcer healing or reoccurrence rate and it did not affect quality of life.As the study only looked at one ultra sound regime extrapolation of the results was not possible, a between-subjects designed study may have provided data that was of further function. intervention effect was measured precisely the primary outcome measured was the time that the venous leg ulcer took to heal, this was measured in eld and adjustments were made in order to account for baseline ulcer area (larger ulcer would be expected to take longer to heal than smaller ulcers).A fully meliorate ulcer was clearly defined and the ulcers were photographed every four weeks, at the point of healing and seven days after full healing has occurred, assessment of the ulcer was completed by two blind independent assessors and where required a third assessor wa s used if outcome was inconclusive. In some cases no photographs were visible(prenominal) for patients in this case the treating nurse assessed healing date, no explanation why photographs would not be available is given. 7. 8% of the sample were assessed by an unblinded nurse this presented some risk of assessment bias.The trial also considered how many an(prenominal) patients had fully healed ulcers at heart 12 months. Reduction in ulcer size was measured by area, by a blinded nurse who took acetate traces of the ulcers every four weeks the method of which was considered to be absolute and reliable and its provenance clearly referenced. Quality of life was also measured with a standardised questionnaire (SF-12) which looked at both physical and mental elements. As there is no evidence to support the use of ultrasound therapy in addition to standard treatment therefore no current change in practice is indicated and standard practice should continue.The study reported significa nt heterogeneity in healing rates among the treatment centres. Centres that handle the most patients produced better healing overall, if there is a correlation between volume of patients treated and positive outcomes this hypothesis has the potential to impact upon the way care is delivered in the future. The trial considered not only medical outcomes but also considered changes in patient quality of life (both physical and mental). Beauchamp and Childress (2001) identify four fundamental moral principles autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice.Autonomy infers that an individualist has the right to freely decide to participate in a research study without fear of coercion and with a full knowledge of what is being investigated. Participants gave written, sure consent and recruiting nurses were trained in consent procedures. Non- maleficence implies an intention of not harming and preventing harm occurring to participants both of a physical and mental nature (Parahoo 20 06). Patients who had a high probability of being harmed if they received the ultrasound where excluded from the trial, the forcing out criteria took into account contraindications.Initially it was planned to exclude those unable to tolerate compression bandaging but after ethical consideration this was removed as these patients were identified as being particularly in need of the chance to benefit from ultrasound therapy. Beneficence is interpreted as the research benefiting the participant and society as a whole (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001). The annual cost to the NHS is estimated at ? 230-400 million (NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 1997 Bosanquet, 1992 Baker et al. 991) some individual health authorities are spending ? 0. 9m to ? 2. 1 million (Carr et al 1999). There are psychological implications to the patient in that the ulcer increases social isolation through limited mobility, uncontrolled exudate and odour, unneurotic with pain (Lindholm et al. 1993 Charles1 995). Justice is concerned with all participants being treated as equals and no one group of individuals receiving preferential treatment (Parahoo, 2006). There is no evidence to suggest that any of the participants were discriminated against.The following section attempts to reason how evidence based health care enhances health care- looking at the evidence base within health care Evidence-based practice (EBP) is one of the most important developments in decades for the helping professionsincluding medicine, nursing, social work, psychology, human beings health, counselling, and all the other health and human service professions (Briggs & Rzepnicki, 2004 Brownson et al. , 2002 Dawes et al. , 1999 Dobson & Craig, 1998a, 1998b Gilgun, 2005 Roberts & Yeager, 2004 Sackett et al. ,2000).That is because evidence-based practice holds out the hope for practitioners that we can be at least as successful in helping our clients as the current available information on helping allows us to be . Evidence-based health care is the conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients or the delivery of health services. on-going best evidence is up-to-date information from relevant, valid research about the effects of different forms of health care, the potential for harm from exposure to particular agents, the accuracy of diagnostic tests, and the predictive power of prognostic factors

Saturday, May 18, 2019

What makes you smile

Canyon Valley Campus A Curve That Sets Everything Straight What Is something that you show with egress oft thought? There a lot of facial expressions that a person can make. Some bet more common and the more subtle differences be lost in different traditions and cultures, but the to the highest degree universal facial expression with same meaning across all culture is indicated by an upwardly curving of the corners of the mouth or simply, a grinning.I smile knowing that smiling changes my mood. According to psychologists if you smile for a minute, no matter how fake or forced it feels, your form releases hormones such as serotonin which tricks the body into devising you feel happy. Every time I am feeling down, I always attempt to put on a smile. Smiling also prevents me from looking tired. When I am stressed, I latch on time to put on a smile. The stress I feel Is universe reduced and making me able to do more useful things.And also, studies have shown that smelling releas es endorphins, and internal pain killers. Together, these make us feel good thus many people consider smiling as a natural drug. Whenever I m having a conversation with other people, I try to smile, smirk, laugh a dwarfish on every phrase, sentence, greeting, or even when saying goodbye. It will lighten up other peoples sidereal twenty-four hour period and make them want to talk to me more. In that way, I gain more acquaintances that I can aver too.I smile because there ar no reasons to be sad. Life is full of obstacles that we encounter every day and these obstacles make our life unhappy but I do not take these obstacles negatively, unlike others, I optimistically find the good in these obstacles so that I will not feel gloomy. I face these obstacles with a smile knowing hat there are good things that await me finished this difficulty. I do not consider the word problem to get in my mind, instead I take it as a challenge that I cannot lose to.But in cases that I would feel d own, I try to think of the people who makes me happy, the people I consider as my friends, because most of them are in a funny situation like having a crush on someone but they are trying really hard denying it, that they end up being very defensive and it becomes really obvious. eyesight small slangs and babies, also makes me smile, mainly because some children are afraid of there people so being able to play with them is such a great opportunity.The babies laughter also makes me smile, especially when they laugh out loud and I suddenly feel a disturbing reaction hearing a kid laugh like there Is something uncommon resembling a voice and sometimes It comes with dark aura. Compliments are the number one thing that can make me smile. They make me feel good about myself, and secure me on something I think is wrong about me. Opinions are very professional or from soul whose opinion matters to me. I smile Just by thinking about all the wonderful things I have accomplished. I become very proud of myself.My trust shows in my smile and it helps me boost my confidence to meet and befriend other people. Dont forget to flash a smile and wave to others even if you do not know them or even if they dont smile back because they say that the people who failed to commit self-annihilation think that if someone smiles to them, they will not end their lives because they feel that they are still important. Your smile big businessman totally change the outcome of an unpleasant situation. This way, if we smile we would save lives in the simplest manner. In this case, we should always smile even for the little things and let the world wonder why.