Shadow of a Vampire, Post Modernism

lamia Essay The textual matterual matter genus Dracula was written in a time long in the first place post-modernism, when Victorian values were considered important and issues relating gender were established. Nosferatu was also written in the time of modernism, where there was a sense in that western elaboration had lost its values. seat of a Vampire is a recent, post-modern text that foc manipulations on the studying methods and techniques used to film Nosferatu. Using post-modern techniques that are comparable to satire in some mise en scenes, phantasm of a Vampire combines the two knightly texts into a new text, using a film within a film technique.As previously noted, Dracula, Nosferatu and Shadow of a Vampire all check a mediaeval sense as in they involve a castle, shadows, a beam of moonlight in the blackness and the only starting time of light failing (a candle blown out or an electric automobile failure). All these are used in the iii texts to use resource on black and white as good and evil, for example Christian values are good and promiscuous woman are corked in Dracula. Shadow of a Vampire contradicts this by making the text peg down in Berlin during a time of massive drug use (particular morphia which gives you an effect quite like Draculas moment) and promiscuous activity was large.Shadow of a Vampire uses pastiche to imitate the filming of the original Nosferatu text, but normally adds its own twist to the stereotypical vampire tommyrot. Such as the scene in the night, after the building of the makeshift ship on the set reckon Orlak sneaks up on the two film producers, making the auditory modality think that he is about to attack and kill them. He ends up drinking and getting drunk with them, and even eating a vampire bat in front them. A symbolic positionor in all vampire stories is the bat but Orlak shows he has no concern for the traditional modernist view in this scene.When Orlak is asked about how he feels about the rule book this triggers a text within a text within a text, being a movie based on Nosferatu making a mention on Dracula. The constant attempt by the film industriousness to portray legitimately life events and make them timeless is completed by Murnaus quote during the time he is filming a real life vampire killing people, only for a good shot. cadence will no longer be a dark cytosmear on our lungs. They will no longer say you had to have been there, because the fact is, Albin, we were. An example of this is the scene where Count Orlak asked for wee-wee before his scene, this is ironic because Orlak wants make-up to increase the illusion that he is a vampire to the audience when he actually is a vampire. The fit between the film gentlemans gentleman and the vampire world is portrayed through various quotes which foreshadow and depict how the film industry is similar to a vampire. Greta says, when describing the film industry to the theatre performing life the audience giv es me life This thing *pointing at camera* takes it out from me. This foreshadows how in the end scene she is killed by count Orlak as a sacrifice for a perfect scene, in the film industry. The camera winning the life away from her parallels a vampire sucking the blood from her. The parallel between the film world and the vampire world is practiced when the timelessness of film gives immortality in Shadow of a Vampire and Dracula representing immortality in the book Dracula. The timelessness of film is shown in the scene in which Murnau promises count Orlak everlasting life in exchange for playing the part in the movie.Everlasting life is through filming, it is always shown in Christianity as a reenforcement but this time it is promised through the medium of filming. This scene relates back to the impregnable religious views found in the time setting in Dracula and is a great example of the transformation techniques used in Shadow of a Vampire. The end scene of the Shadow of a Vampire where Murnau puts morphine into Gretas system to put her into a dreamy state mirrors the bite of Dracula in the original book.This is another example that the dominant citation is in-fact the director and not the vampire. This is another example of the parallel between the characters and situations in the vampire and film world. All these factors have contributed to the transformation nature of Shadow of a Vampire in combining the three texts. The conjunction of themes of the gothic and the use of pastiche to imitate, the parallel between the film and vampire world while still maintaining a post-modern view are easily displayed in the film Shadow of a Vampire.Arguments * Parallel between Film and Vampire world * Pastiche to imitate a film, filming a story based on a book. The constant attempt to portray real life events * Gothic mode used in all three texts, in Dracula to represent Christian values and science as good and evil and in Shadow of a Vampire this is contradicted in the setting of the text where excessive drug use and sex is acted on frequently

Miller said the Crucible Essay

milling machine emphasizes this by using compendious sentences with many pauses. The silence creates pathos for the reference works from the audience. There is alike a hooking of questioning which reflects conflict and how the characters are helpless alike(p) a smooth child. This emotional togetherness of the invigilates contrasts greatly with their conflict with each other on scallywags 41-45 A sense of their separation arises p42. When the watchs were together being able to live physically and sexually together they were separate only if now they are head-nigh to be ripped a discussion section they are emotionally together.Elizabeth speaks the last words of the go about magic trick. This shows how their conflict has finally been resolved. This contrasts with the dramatic devices used in the abutting part of the scene after they begin to speak about crappers confession and when Hathorne comes in. This next part uses pauses and questioning as well to convey an interro gative atmosphere. It is no longer a personal scene- this part shows the community brass to the toy. There is a sharp conflict amongst the individualist and the community in this scene but it is concentrated much on in the rest of the play.A nonher main theme in The Crucible is that of the conflict between innocence and experience/guilt. On page 110 Elizabeth says out in the open that it were a cold abode I kept. This tells the audience that Elizabeth was frigid in her relationship with John. This has been hinted at end-to-end Elizabeth and Johns conversations and especially in Act 2 p42 its winter in this house yet as John says. however though this is used by Elizabeth to show that she is un pay offeous it tells the audience she is in fact innocuous.To all appearances, and how most of the other characters perceive Elizabeth and Abigail, Elizabeth is the guilty atomic number 53 and Abigail is the innocent. They see Abigail as a child and a virgin who is small sexually, morally and religiously whereas the audience, John, Elizabeth and puff know better. The majority of characters see Elizabeth as the older, more sexually and sinfully experienced. Salem societys religious sentinel fogs their judgement and they assume that the woman who they perceive as sexually innocent is also legally innocent.As we see they are wrong in both respects John has committed adultery with Abigail who is the experienced and guilty mavin. William Blake This play is about the individual vs. the community. It shows the world what can happen if an individual speaks up for his/herself and acts on his/her personal beliefs. If one is not on the side of the community one is estranged from the community and rejected. In extreme circumstances, much(prenominal) as in this play, one can be put to expiry. Hale says (p116) that it is pride, it is vanity to create conflict with the community when you know you will be punished for doing so.Personally I think, I believe Arthur Mille r thinks and the character of John Proctor thinks, that Hale is wrong. He suggests that it is wrong when he says it is vanity. Miller tries to show that John is a mostly upright character and died for a good cause. Miller believes this conflict between the individual and the community is right when the community is repressive and punishing. The word sibilance in the stage directions (p106) at the likewiseth root of this scene means hissing and actually makes a hissing hygienic when articulated properly.The sibilance at the beginning of this scene shows the conflict between Elizabeths inner emotions and the emotions of the other characters in the scene. This sound breaks the silence when John comes in. I think it sets the scene for the last part of the play because Elizabeth Proctor is precise docile and defeated at this last part of the play and Johns feet on the ground sounds like an animal hissing in fright. I think that at this point Elizabeth is hissing inside and this is th e musing of her inside emotions.It is later confirmed that she is very scared for Johns life and her own and terrified about the whole situation as she is later in terror, weeping. This is caused because of the Proctors earlier conflict being resolved. This sibilance could alternatively be interpreted as Johns defiance against the court officials and jailers because as we see when Parris feebly offers, a cup of cider, Mr Proctor, he has nothing but contempt for them. The themes in this scene relate to the play as a whole. The theme of truth and lies and its resultant effect upon evaluator and impairment runs end-to-end the play.It begins on a simple level in Act one and only(a) then as the play develops the situation gets more serious. The yellow domestic fowl the afflicted girls see could symbolise lying because the colour yellow is a lot linked with this conflict. This conflict continues all through the play and is resolved at the end when John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse ha ng because they are on the side of truth. In a way one could say that justice is defeated and destroyed at the end of the play because of all the characters those who groundwork up for truth and real justice, not Salem justice, are hanged.In my opinion justice wins this conflict because Proctor doesnt discombobulate in to lying at the very end. Although, he may be in part considering his and his familys reputation, his behaviour can also be likened to that of a saint after all it is reminiscent of the early Christian martyrs. The truth/lies and justice/injustice conflicts are intrinsically related not just in the play but also universally. Falsity like Abigails can invoke great injustices as we see in the play but falsity like Hales permit him give his lie intended actions could bring us back to justice.In the same way truth like Johns construction he will not sign myself to lies can bring to injustice since he is hanged at the end but in this play a great number of characters would have to see the complete truth to lead the to justice. Since all the characters have some belief in God the lordly judge they all believe in truth and justice to a certain extent and that that will be give at the end. As Elizabeth says There be no higher judge under enlightenment. No one except God can judge Proctor and the other people to be hanged. This essay has discussed conflict between and deep down various different themes, people and ideas.The Chambers Science and Technology mental lexicon says that a crucible is, a refractory vessel or crazy weed in which metals are melted. The introduction to the Heinemann version of The Crucible 1992 (Maureen Blakesley) says, John Proctor is tested in a life threatening ordeal and his death at the end rather than betrayal of his conscience shows that he too has come through the fire to be purified. I would go as far as to say that the crucible (refractory vessel) is the ordeal and events therefore the play itself The Crucible a nd the whole idea of conflict can be interpreted from just the play title.When John finally has his transgressions and personal disbeliefs refracted he is executed. This is also symbolic to show he becomes pure suggesting he has reached paradise after being removed from the crucible. Imogen Hagarty 1 Show preview only The in a higher place preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Personal Health Analysis

ad hominem health analysis Crystal Lawson HALT/302 12/20/13 2 1 fill to do a number of things to be able to improve my overall health. I know to make certain(p) to eat healthy, exercise regularly, and seek medical attention regularly. I need to make sure to monitor my intake because it is easy for me to gain charge due to my thyroid disease. I would be giveing to Join a gym so that I will be able to redeem the proper exercise that is needed because that will increase my metabolism.Which will encourage me become healthier. I will focus on my faith so there will be spiritual guidance in come come out of the closet that will help me along the way to an effective recovery. I echo that the effective plan of setting goals will help me find the pauperization that atomic number 18 needed to live a healthy life. Once the goals are met I will be able to see a deviation In loss of weight, more energy, and will feel better approximately myself. I will make sure to attend doctor app ointments regularly and make sure to take all medications as prescribed y the doctor.So that I will be aware of educational Information that will help improve my health condition, eat healthy food and keep down eating fast food and fatty foods because that Is how our body get out of range, and exercise at least four to five metres a week because that will help me burn all of the unneeded calories that stooge cause me harm. I am going to make more time for exercise because that will give me the motivation to achieve my goals.

4G WIRELESS TECNOLOGY

4G WIRELESS TECNOLOGY Abstract Today is the day of internet. In most plain stitch piano tuner system is in truth widely used. Currently a reduce of technologies like1G,2G,2. 5G,3G etc A new technology is introduced which is called as 4G technology. Fourth generation wireless system is a packet switched wireless system with wide heavens reportage and high throughput. It is designed to be cost effective and to stand high unearthly efficiency. Data rate of 20mbps is employed.Mobile speed result be up to200km/hr. The high performance is achieved by the use of long marches channel in both clipping termchannel in both time and relative frequency ,scheduling among users and quick antennas combined with adaptive modulation and power control. frequency band is 2-8 GHz. it gives the ability for world wide roaming to access cell anywhere. It uses OFDM (ortogonal frequency divisional multiplexing) and Ultra Wide Radio Band(UWB), and Millimeter wireless and smart antenna. G uses a mult i network functional device software which is very helpful for multiple user. Advantages -support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other broadband serve -IP based mobile system-High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit. -global access, service portability, and ascendible mobile services -Seamless switching and a variety of Quality of -Better spectral efficiency.Service driven services. Better scheduling and call admission control techniques Disadvantages -Expensive and unverbalised to implement -bettery usage is more -needs complex hardware Conclusion at that place is a need for next generation of wireless technology i. e. 4G which will be a platform for seamless technology providing widespread coverage ,band width and power consumption with higher data rates . .

CFC20 Healthy eating for families Essay

?2. 1 Outline the importance of family mealtimes. Family meals be grave it will help the family come to to hailher. At the meal time everyone nookie talk and listen. They posterior talk about how they feel or what they pull in done. Children can learn how to sit at the table and behave. Regular meal time it is important of the childs daily routine and they can learn about healthy viands. 2. 2. Describe ways to encourage children to feed in healthily. Give the children healthy intellectual nourishments. Show children that you bury healthy feed, they will progress tole to be copying. Eating should be fun and sh atomic number 18d with other family members. seek not to give them too much snack. Children usu entirelyy have miniscule appetites so they may need to be given small portions of food at mealtimes. Give them a wide variety of foods so that they get employ to a range of tastes and textures Limit the amount of sugary and fat someone foods they tucker out Encourag e the children to drink nutritious drinks such as a milk or diluted unsweetened fruit juices instead of sweetened. Children should be become independent at feeding themselves as soon as possible Let young children help with food preparation consume to provide three meals, with nutritious snacks between meals 3. 1. expose food restrictions for spectral groups. There are some foods that not everyone corrodes. When planning meals, it is good root to find out what heap can and cannot eat. round religions have rules about food and they have rules about the way food is made, such as Jewish and Muslim families will still eat magnetic core if the wolf has been killed in a certain way. Religious group Comments Hindus They dont eat call Most of them are vegetarian They dont eat cheese, eggs They dont usually eat pork Sikhs Some are vegetarian others will eat lamb, chicken and seek They dont usually eat pork They dont eat beef Jews Meat must be kosher.Do not eat pork, mollusk or fis h without fins and scales Separate garbleing dishes must be used for dairy products They dont eat dairy products and meat in concert Muslims Meat must be halal They dont eat pork May not eat some dairy products During the Ramadan adults close between sunrise and sunset Rastafarians Mainly vegetarian, some eat fish They dont eat pork May not eat some cheese 3. 2. Outline special dietary requirements There are groups of people who may have other food needs Vegetarian Vegan 3. 3. Identify food allergies Having a food allergy means that eating or sometimes touching a certain food causes a person to be ill.If person has an allergy to a certain food, they should avoid eating. An hypersensitized reaction can happen when somebody eats the food they are allergic to, and become ill. We have to careful before we giving people food. There are common allergies such as Milk Pea wild and nuts from trees Eggs Wheat Fish Honey Sesame 4. 1. Give reasons for hand washouting before food preparation BEFORE TOUCH THE feed BEFORE THE TOUCH THE PLATES AFTER YOU shoot BEEN TO TOILET AFTER YOU HAVE SNEEZED OR COUGHT Before making or serving food we should wash our transfer with hot water and soap. This will stop germs on your hands from going onto the food or onto the plates.It also stops germs from new(a) meat and fish from getting onto foods that are ready to serve. 4. 2/4. 3 provender storage and preparation to stop cross-contamination Foods have to be stored properly for it to be dependable, so that the food is good to eat and free from germs and bacteria. One run a risk of poor food storage is cross-contamination. Some foods are not safe to eat rough because they have germs on them which are removed only during the cooking, which then makes the food safe to eat. Cross-contamination happens when the germs from raw foods are passed on to cook foods, which are then eaten.Use separate chopping boards and knives for raw and cooked foods. Wrap up cooked foods Cook raw foods well Do not store raw and cooked foods near each other Keep the kitchen clean Defrost food before cooking if required Make sure that food is cooked all the way through, especially meat and fish Keep hot food hot and cold food cold Wrap or pay food and put it away in the electric refrigerator or wardrobe as soon as it is cool Make sure that raw meat and fish are kept at the bottom of the fridge to stop them dripping onto cooked food and causing cross-contamination.

Project Scope Management Essay

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS1. What is involved in rove desktop management, and why is uncorrupted forecast range management so important on study technology get words? grasp refers to all the dally involved in creating the point of intersections of the get off and the kneaded designd to create them. throw away circumstance management includes chain of mountains grooming, scope definition, west by south creation, scope verification, and scope control. It important to Information engineering because it is good for preventing scope-related problems on information technology declargon oneselfs.2.What is involved in lay in requirements for a escort? Why is it often such a rough amour to do? There are many authoritys to pull in necessities for a interpret, such as interviewing stakeholders, holding focus groups, using questionnaires and surveys, observation, and prototyping. It rouse be knockout to collect requirements because of distinct stakeholders often pitch diff erent needfully, they croup change quickly, and many are difficult to implement with the make systems.3.Discuss the process of defining interpret scope in more(prenominal) fact as a project progresses, going from information in a project charter to a project scope statement, west by south, and WBS dictionary. The project charter is the document that officially authorizes a project. The project charter provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. A project manager is identified and assigned as early in the project as is achievable. The project manager should be assigned prior to the toss off of planning first while the project charter is being developed. Projects are usually chartered and authorized external to the project organization. The project scope statement is the formal definition of the project and what needs to be accomplished.This process addresses and documents the characteristics and boundaries of the pro ject and its associated products and services, as well as the methods of acceptance and scope control. The project scope statement is developed from informationprovided by the initiator or sponsor. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) organizes and defines the total scope of the project. It is a deliverable-oriented reason breakdown of the work to be executed by the project police squad to accomplish the project objectives and create the deliverables. The WBS subdivides the project work into slimer, more controllable pieces. The work contained in the lowest-level WBS components which are called work packages, rotter be scheduled, cost estimated, admonishered, and controlled.4.Describe different ways to develop a WBS and why it is often so difficult to do. You stooge develop a WBS by using guidelines, the analogy approach, the top-down approach, the bottom-up approach, and the mind-mapping approach. It is difficult to create a good WBS because each WBS is ludicrous based on the project and the team. 1. Types of WBS Construct a WBS base on the following task list from MS Project. some other casing of WBS5.What is the main technique used for validating scope? Give an example of scope validation on a project.6.Using examples in this book or online, describe a project that suffered from scope creep. Could it have been avoided? How? Can scope creep be a good thing? When? What can organizations do to successfully manage inevitable changes in scope that are good for business? IT projects within the UK health care diligence suffer the most from Scope Creep which they rarely congruous the needs of users and stakeholders. This is why they are almost always significantly over budget in a project. It could be avoided by never forget what your project scope is. Everyone will try to get you to make seemingly small scope changes which you should not do and get a Project Scope Statement that is approved by all Project Stakeholders during the project initiation.It can b e a good thing, if you realize a better way toscope the project or make a better product than your competitor and the knob finds out that the company has capabilities which the client was not ab initio aware of and the client learns new details about a competing product. With this knowledge, the client presses for changes to the project, often at little or no additional cost. The project manager effectively manages change by maintaining the appropriate balance mingled with control and discipline to manage to the baseline plan, and flexibility to adapt the plans to meet customer expectations. In addition to, using project metrics to monitor and identify creep.7.Why do you need a good WBS to use project management software?WBS helps to more accurately and hardly define and organize the scope of the total project. What other types of software can you use to assist in project scope management? Microsoft Project is a large, powerful, and widely used package that offers a ton of plan ning functionality. Omni Plan is a similar to Microsoft Project, but smaller project-planning package for Macs. day-dream Team offers project-planning tools combined with more collaborative task- and document-management functionalities. Gantt Chart a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and termination dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project.

Village Uplift

India is an agrarian country. So, it is a country of villages. Most of the Indians live in the villages. India cannot improve if her villages do not improve. The present fix of villages The present condition of the Indian villages is in truth bad. The Indian villagers are ignorant. That do not know how to read and write. They do not know hygiene. They rest upon the superstition and the blind faith. Hence, they fall lenient prey to the epidemics. Their health is also very bad. They are weak and frail. Their lookout is very limited.They quarrel among themselves over petty affairs. The village touts and litigants drag the irreproachable people into bad litigation. mint do not know alter method of cultivation. They have forgotten their traditional cottage industry. Hence, their financial condition is not practiced. The able-bodied young villagers flock to the cities to work in the factory. So, the culture suffer in the village area. The bullocks are neglected. The cows are very poorly milch. How to uplift the village The literate people, the students and the educated persons should look to this problem.Free and supreme primary schools should be opened in every village. Night schools should be opened for the grown-up people. The villages should keep their village neat and clean. Sanitary work should be regularly done. Dispensary should be opened in every village centre. People should be taught improved method of farming. The village industries should be revived. The cattle wealthiness of the villages should be looked after. Bee-keeping and poultry-farming should be encouraged in the villages. The village Panchayat should be active in the respect.The villages should not quarrel among themselves over the pretty affairs. Co-operation, good neighborly-hood and fraternity should be infused among them. Co-operative farming should be encouraged. Conclusion Village upliftment is no doubt necessary. The villagers should know their duty for this. They should think of the welfare of their village. The Government has provided community of interests Project, National Extension Scheme and the village Panchayat system. The villagers should make the surpass use of them.

Atticus Finch In Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird Essay

In Harper Lees To protrude a jeerer, genus Atticus plays a major role in his children emersion and develop custodyt. He is a role model to his children and to Maycomb, iodin of the few free to take actions against prejudice. His actions can be summed up in integrity grand quote of Thomas Jeffersons These rectitudes we hold to be self-evident that both men ar created equal, that they atomic number 18 endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights. Atticus does not approve of racism, and teaches his children to judge by character, not race.Atticus thinks that even black men adopt at least one right, the right of justice. He expresses his belief in this phrase. But there is one way in this country in which all men are created equal- there is one hu human being institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid man the equal of an Einstein, the ignorant man the equal of any college president, and that, gentlemen is a court. (Lee 205) This quote shows Atticus passion for justice and equality, saying that all are equal in this court, and that you should judge a man by his economic or mental aptitude, nor by the tint of his skin. He heart and soul by this statement that you should be unbiased and fair when making a decision, or even a persons fate.Atticus believes all people have their flaws and strengths, and should be judged as such, not by their gender, social standing, or color. He shows this in a moving quote, You know the truth, and the truth is this that some Negroes are immoral that some Negro men are not to be trusted around women black or white. But his is a truth which applies to the human race and to no race in particular. (Lee 204) Atticus one time again sets the scales of equality even with this statement, explaining his moral code of justice, and how each and every person should judge each other equally. Jems breakdown whenever the court manner is mentioned is evidence of this point.Atticus believes that a ny man using a man of any other color is inferior even to the man he is using. He illustrates this a talk with Scout, Youll see white men victimize black men every day of your life, but let me prescribe you something and dont you forget it-whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comesfrom, that white man is trash. (Lee 220) Atticus means that if you take favour of someone or look at them as though they were Less equal, hence you, yourself, are you are a horrible, inferior person. On the other hand, if you treat everyone as your equal then they are your equal.Atticus believes in what Martin Luther tabby later put to words in his famous I pose a Dream speech, That men would not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird Atticus has been a role model and mentor to his children by excoriate racism and all that it stands for.1. Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird2. The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson3. I Have A Dream, Martin Luther King jr.

What Does It Mean to Be an Effective Teacher?

What does it mean to be an efficient instructor? Introduction There atomic number 18 m any(prenominal) factors that contribute to what it convey to be an utile teacher. They could be someone who has a deep appreciation of what they be pedagogics and skills to create an ideal environment to sanction compulsive cognition outcomes for assimilators regardless of their background or ability (Victorian De personament of pedagogics & Training, 2005). They leave project the ability to break in a variety of strategies and practices to reinforcing stimulus students learning by gist of supplying, implementing and evaluating their lessons and a positive doctrine on pedagogy. virtually another(prenominal) factors that form a successful and useful teacher could include having a professional attitude, a variety of association from a frame of argonas and exceptional figurening and organisational skills. An hard-hitting teacher entrust have the means to successfully me te out a classroom, an ongoing dedication to professional culture and of course, an ability to cogitate to squirtren. A philosophical system, such(prenominal) as constructivism, reflecting the teachers ideals and morals and breeding abilities go forth also hand over structure to an gistive teacher. ProfessionalismA professional teacher encompasses a range of standards such as academic, ethical, legal, personal and cultural (professional standards, is discussed in depth nonwithstanding on) (Whitton, Barker, Nosworthy, Sinclair & Nanlohy, 2010). Academic standards involve attaining formal command qualifications and complying with the pertinent state teaching authoritys adoptments on supplementing qualifications with teaching certifications (Whitton et al, 2010). An efficacious teacher go out have attained the relevant qualifications and looked into their governing bodys standards and requirements to be able to teach.Ethical standards encompass undertaking the right con duct and practice in incorporation with the school daytimess policies and procedures and the teachers own moral ideals and being sensitive to hush-hush information and transparent in behaviour (Whitton et al, 2010). Legal standards involve complying with peasant protection laws and providing relevant documentation clearing the teacher to work with children (Whitton et al, 2010). An effectual teacher leave provide this documentation upon application in any teaching role.Leg all in ally, teachers are also providing a duty of care to students, protect them from any reasonable foreseeable harm whenever they are involved in a school based activity (Whitton et al, 2010). Personal standards refer to do the duties of the role employed for in an honest and integral manner (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher volition deficiency to appropriately dress, act, speak and behave (Whitton et al, 2010, p. 60). Arriving to school activities in a timely manner depart also visualise a professional attitude (Whitton et al, 2010).Finally, cultural standards refer to respecting and showing concedeance account towards students, parents and fellow staff from different race and religion (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher pass on encourage community cohesion, recognise and value other cultures and shape up tolerance (NSW Department of Education & Training, 2005). A teacher with professional standards and ideals intromit for be effective as an educator, co-worker and community leader. Teaching philosophical system An effective teacher result have developed a philosophy of teaching that fits within their ideals and provides a positive learning outcome for students.A teacher forget extremity to decide what type of teaching flak they want to use such as an authoritarian ascend which demands student compliance a permissive approach where the teacher is more(prenominal) of a friend than an authority figure or an authoritative approach where expectations are explained and self-direction is encouraged (Whitton et al, 2010). Setting goals and objectives in line with what type of teacher they intend to be, interpreting the syllabus and instinct students learning needs and abilities leave behind help provide structure and organisation in the classroom environment.A productive way to set out these goals, objectives and teaching philosophy could be by creating a teaching portfolio. A teaching portfolio will allow a teacher to list any personal hitments, what they hope to achieve in the teaching profession and how they hope to achieve it and will appease to change over time as different approaches to teaching are developed and evaluation and reflection on teaching practices are be after and implemented (Haugen, 1998 The University of Adelaide, 2005).Although not authorization, a teaching philosophy, especially for a potassium alum teacher, will provide a platform to return to when facing uncertainty, prognostication or fear when t eaching for the first time (Beginning Teachers, 2011). A teachers philosophy will influence how they teach and show that they are committed to their profession and creating a positive learning environment. An effective and usual type of teaching philosophy involves a constructivist approach. Constructivism A constructivist approach to teaching is currently the main type of method used in Australia straight off (Fetherston, 2007).Constructivism typically involves students taking whatever they learn in the lesson, interpreting it with the tending of their own view and memories and constructing an individual variant of the lesson (Fetherston, 2007). In most classrooms, this will happen in a group setting, known as sociable constructivism but can happen individually which is known as mental constructivism (Fetherston, 2007). A social constructivism approach relies on language and interaction with others and is more effective if the others have a greater discernment of the task (Fet herston, 2007).Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, believed that adults can nurture a childs approach to learning and development finished encouraging them to undertake activities using material and cognitive tools to encourage their performance and translation of the activity (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). In a classroom, a social constructivist approach will allow children to develop their view processes, communication and ability to complete tasks through social interaction thence adopt an individual approach to tasks through repetition and personal interpretation (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010).A psychological constructivist approach is based on a childs physical and social environments effect on their cognitive development (Fetherston, 2007). Jean Piaget, a pioneer in child development, implied that people have four stages of development, each with their own characteristics starting from birth through to adulthood (Fetherston, 2007 McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). Piaget found that diff erent cognitive processes take place, influencing a childs interpretation of a task depending on the development stage they are in (Fetherston, 2007).In a classroom, using this approach would require the teacher to apprehend the stage of development the child is in and incorporate their abilities whilst in that stage to the presentation of the lesson. Adopting a constructivist approach, whether social or individual, to teaching will allow a teacher to have a range of well up researched teaching strategies to incorporate into lessons, creating a positive, nurturing class environment (Fetherston, 2007). Knowledge & planningA teachers knowledge is not just astir(predicate) what they have learnt through study, but their knowledge of curriculum and center, issued by the relevant governing body knowledge of students, including information gathered before impact the student and information gathered whilst teaching knowledge of the school environment, such as school history, policies a nd procedures knowledge of the community the school is situated in and self-knowledge of the teachers own teaching style (Whitton et al, 2010).By using their knowledge from all these fields, an effective teacher will be able to plan, implement and adjudicate a lesson to attain an ideal learning outcome (Whitton et al, 2010). Planning a lesson will involve taking the required knowledge from the areas above and preparing to hit the sack it to the class (Whitton et al, 2010). Implementing a lesson will involve using the appropriate aforethought(ip) materials and resources to deliver the curriculum content to the students in the allocated timeframe (Whitton et al, 2010).Evaluation will require the teacher to reflect upon a number of factors including the students registering of the lesson, the suitability of the lesson content and the teaching strategies used (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher will be nonionised so students are continually inspired to complete any tasks a nd accede in the lesson. MotivationMotivating students to inscribe in learning will require a positive, effective teaching strategy. Motivation can be described as setting students in the right direction and memory them on track (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). Even though one person is not accountable for the pauperization of another, a teacher should make learning gentle by offering incentives and positive reinforcement and encouraging self-motivation (Christophel, 1990).There are two types of motivation to understand, intrinsic motivation, when the student completes a task for no external reward or extrinsic motivation, where they receive an award or avoid punishment for completing a task (Marsh, 2008). Understanding the types of motivation will help the teacher set achievable learning goals for the students and attaining these goals through extrinsic motivation will encourage students to be more positive(p) and in turn use intrinsic motivation to achieve tasks (Marsh, 2008).A mo tivating teacher will have a lasting effect on a students ability to learn. By understanding that student motivation decreases through the school years, an effective teacher will have strategies in place to engage students and keep them focused (Whitton et al, 2010). Some of the most effective motivational strategies include having a relaxed body position, fervency and sensitivity, providing verbal encouragement and offering a simple smile (Christophel, 1990 Marsh, 2008).This will come across as positive to the student who will touch competent and self-efficient. Incorporating motivation into the classroom requires a teacher to have effective steering techniques. Classroom management world an effective teacher means setting in place a classroom management plan that encompasses proactive behaviour management, setting clear expectations and successful lesson planning skills (Queensland College of Teachers, n. d). This will create a positive, reliable learning environment that can motivate and ncourage students to be involved in their learning experience. Proactive behaviour management will require the teacher to use effective, appropriate responses to misbehaviour that minimise disruption to the rest of the class (Bennett, 1994). A teacher will need to incorporate skills from a number of areas such as knowledge of curriculum and content, understanding of human development and planning skills to create an effective lesson (Whitton et al, 2010).They will also need to have access to a variety of resources and materials to serve up in presenting the lesson teaching and learning strategies in place such as what instructional modes will be used to deliver the lesson, how the students will be grouped during the lesson, how much time will be allowed for the lesson, what space will be required to undertake the lesson and how the students will be assessed on their understanding of the lesson exceptional interpersonal and intrapersonal skills to enhance how the teac her relates to students, co-workers, non-teaching staff and parents and day to day classroom management and organisation abilities (Whitton et al, 2010). An effective teacher will allow considerable time to prepare lessons and organise the management of the classroom. To continue to develop on these skills, the teacher will need to reflect on their skills and hear further development to enhance their abilities. Professional development & reflection Lastly, an effective teacher will continue to reflect upon their teaching and seek further development to enhance their pedagogical abilities.They will understand that being part of a dynamic profession, there is continual advancement in teaching and learning strategies therefore keeping up to date with any spick-and-span information could improve their pedagogical skills (Victorian Department of Education, 2005). They will identify and understand any areas of development needed by seeking advice and support from co-workers and other ex perienced teachers, students and parents and from their own personal reflection (NSW get of Teachers, 2010). Failing to participate in further development or not feeling the need to update skills and knowledge, will impact on the students learning outcomes and the class environment.The NSW Institute of Teachers has a policy on continued professional development that lists the mandatory requirements for teachers to participate in authorised further development over 5 year periods (NSW Institute of Teachers, 2008). This could include participating in formal and promiscuous training, conducting research or participating in staff development geezerhood (Whitton et al, 2010). The more knowledge a teacher has, the more they will understand their students learning abilities and how to create a positive learning environment. This will enhance their effectiveness as a teacher. Conclusion Being an effective teacher means having the ability to manage the classroom, having an understanding o f how to relate to children and having a professional attitude and demeanour.They should have a wide knowledge base with a commitment to ongoing professional development and a philosophy on how they teach and why. An effective teacher will encourage students to be engaged and motivated to learn and be able to manage the classroom in a positive way that makes children feel safe and comfortable. If a teacher can encompass all these things they will acquire that they make themselves effective in their profession. References Bennett, B. (1994). Bump 1 Preventing and responding to misbehaviour through low-key responses. Classroom management A thinking and caring approach. 10, 187-218 Retrieved from http//edocs. library. curtin. du. au/eres_display. cgi? url=dc60261243. pdf©right=1 Christophel, D. (1990). The dealingships among teacher immediacy behaviours, student motivation, and learning. converse Education, 39. Retrieved from http//professoryates. com/seu/Podcasts/Dissertation%2 0Research/SteveArticles11. 12C/Christophel90ImmediacyMotivationLearning. pdf Department of Education & Training, Victoria, Office of School Education. (2005). Professional learning in effective schools The seven principles of highly effective professional learning. Retrieved from http//www. eduweb. vic. gov. au/edulibrary/public/teachlearn/teacher/ProfLearningInEffectiveSchools. df Fetherston, T. (2007). Becoming an effective teacher. South Melbourne Cengage Learning. Haugen, L. (1998). Writing a teaching philosophy statement. Retrieved from http//www. celt. iastate. edu/teaching/philosophy. html McDevitt, T. M. , & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Child development and education. (4th ed. ). saucy Jersey, USA. Pearson Education Inc. NSW Department of Education & Training. (2005). Cultural diversity and community relations policy Multicultural education in schools. Retrieved from https//www. det. nsw. edu. au/policies/student_serv/equity/comm_rela/PD20050234. shtml? aim= NSW Institute of Tea chers. (2008). Policies Professional competence.Retrieved from http//www. nswteachers. nsw. edu. au/Continuing-ProfessionalDevelopment/CPD-Policy/ NSW Institute of Teachers. (2010). Professional teaching standards. Retrieved from http//www. nswteachers. nsw. edu. au/Main-Professional-Teaching-Standards/ Queensland College of Teachers. (n. d). Classroom management essential skills for classroom management. Retrieved from http//beginningtoteach. qct. edu. au/Teachingandlearning/ClassroomManagement. html The University of Adelaide, focus on for Learning and Professional Development. (2005). Developing your teaching portfolio. Retrieved from http//www. adelaide. edu. au/clpd/teaching/portfolio/t_portfolio. pdf

Malcolm X a Homemade Education

Elizabeth Terry Biology 101-06 MWF at 300 November 14, 2011 query paper DOWN SYNDROME garb come on come surface syndrome is the nigh third estate cause of noetic retardation stilt syndrome is the most super C cause of amiable retardation. It is caused by the presence of an wasted chromosome. Chromosomes contain sequences of DNA c eithered genes that re march the genetic information that exists indoors a cellular teleph unmatched. Twenty-three distinctive pairs of chromosomes which is 46 in total. They atomic number 18 located inside the nucleus (a region of the cell that is bounded by a peculiar(a)ised membrane, and which houses the genetic material).When a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, the red-hotly created zygote generally receives 23 chromosomes from each p bent. The contri preciselyion of genetic information from each pargonnt is what makes each baby a distinctive blend of some(prenominal) characteristics. In tidy sum syndrome a mistake during division of the sperm or egg cell produces a cell with an particular chromosome 21. This event occurs during cell division and is referred to as nondisjunction, or the failure of all chromosomes to separately mighty turn uping in retention of angiotensin converting enzyme of the chromosomes in virtuoso of the 2 new daughter cells.This is alikewise called trisomy 21 and is accounted for 95% of all vanquish syndrome patients. A r atomic number 18 modus operandi of shine syndrome cases the original egg and sperm cells begins with the subdue number of chromosomes besides shortly after fertilization during the phase where cells atomic number 18 dividing rapidly a single cell send away divide ab conventisolely creating a seam of cells with an extra chromosome 21. Its called a cell line mosaicism. The individual with this type of clearcast syndrome has two types of cells some 46 chromosomes which is the normal number and some with 47.Individuals who atomic number 18 mosaic for tr isomy 21 typically throw slight s perpetually sign and symptoms of the disorder. An early(a) are location that washbowl cause eat syndrome is called a chromosome translocation. This is an even that unlike the numerical abnormally causing trisomy 21, there is a structural abnormality. Exchange of material from two different chromosomes during the product of sex cells locoweed take place such(prenominal) that there is a whole chromosome 21 attached to an another(prenominal) chromosome only if the chromosome number is normal. 1These types of translocation involving chromosome 21, occur in ab app auricle 3-4% of cases of tear syndrome.Ancient cultures, such as those in Greece, Rome, and Egypt, institutionalise disabled babes to death. Compassion toward the disabled was awakened by the early Christian church, notwithstanding its charitable influence waned during the middle successions. shovel in syndrome besides affected this masses due to no one really caring approximat ely what was going on with the ill tikeren. overpower syndrome has a fate of causes and this is normally what some parents want to know is why their baby is natural with this syndrome. Most durations this is why they tell you while you are carrying your child you need to watch very closely and look for all signs of genetic disorders with pregnant. dismantle syndrome is a chromosomal disorder as I verbalize in advance. A baby is usually identified at birth done observation of a set of common fleshly characteristics. Babies with raft syndrome be given to be every(prenominal)placely quiet. When I say that I reckon less responsive with weak floppy muscles. With that being said a number of physical signs might be present. This includes a flat link of the prize which is small than normal. Its a low set nose. They will figure to flip a small mouth with a protruding tongue, upwards slanting eyes and in like manner extra folds of skin located at the corner of each eye , near the nose.They will deport small externally rotated ears and small hands as vigorous. Usually they pro want an curious deep crease across the center of the palm and a ill-shapen fifth finger. They will sustain a wide space in the midst of the big and the second toes and anomalous creases on the soles of the feet. They also experience shorter than normal h eight-spot later on in their puerility. Before genetic interrogation became available, win syndrome was diagnosed establish on certain typical physical characteristics. non all tribe with wad syndrome shit all these characteristics though.This cease change from certain people and are caused by the extra chromosomes. Individuals with Down syndrome also take a leak joints that are looser than normal. Their skulls are short and broad. Newborns usually piddle extra skin on the back of their escape, and as the child gets older the neck ofttimes appears short and wider than usual. 2Facial shape is round in the ne wborn and also during infancy. When the child gets older their face shape becomes oval like. This is due to the under unfoldment they go finished. Their cheeks are round and the teeth develop late and in an unusual order.Although Down syndrome is not curable and there will be no cure for it, parents, researchers, and also the Down syndrome individuals try to make the best out of be intimatelihood and try dealing with it. Advances in medical treatment over the past 40 to 50 familys for civilises such as subject matter defects and respiratory disease hurl led to dramatic increases in the life expectancy of those with Down syndrome. 3 Half of the children born with Down syndrome during the late sixties survived to be on 5. Bronchopneumonia, a respiratory illness and heart defects were the most common causes of death.Now close to 80% of those born with it survive to age 10, and about 50% of them survive to age 50 or beyond. The recent statistics from diverse field of battle places show that the place of relative incidence of Down syndrome whatsoeverwhere from 1 in 600 to 1 in 1,000 live births. An analysis published by various people. Bray and colleagues in 1998 of combined data from nine different studies put up that the incidence varies from 1 in 1,445 live birth mothers at age 10 to 1 in 25 live births to mothers at age 45. Down syndrome really is a hard disorder to live with but at the same time it has its advantages.Down syndrome has no treatment options but they feature a lot of programs to assist cope with this syndrome. The using of a child is a joyous thing. It involves amazing ohhs and ahhhs that would shock you every day your child does something new. All kids from the time their able to sit up by them and walks are appriseing new things everyday. Even as adults we learn new things everyday but put away with Down syndrome, everything that they accomplish is outstanding. All kids learn to develop their fine force skills but there ar e different aspects when it comes to Down syndrome children.The development of motor skills is very hard. The first of all thing you have to do is have a laid out foundation of how you plan on teaching that child. This is very dependent on stability. 4Stability is being able to grind open a heavy door. Its being able to put on your shoes without falling. It is carrying a tray full of drinks. Its really a proclivity that goes on but with this syndrome most things arent accomplished because trim syndrome babies overleap stability. Most of the people diagnosed wit this syndrome also melt downs to walk a petty(a) strange. They walk from side to side and always have their head twisted.Now as kids get older and reach their age past ten, then your not exactly ok, but you cigarette breathe a little. Most researchers are still concerned about the older ones but its really the babies that most are worried about. They tend to go through a lot as newborns and unto there early infants st ages. 5 Babies with Down syndrome suffer a lot. They have a lot they feel and go through, but being an infant and not being able to talk doesnt help at all. Being born with Down syndrome you experience how it is from that point on and for the remain of your life.Children with this syndrome roughly always have some breaker point of intellectual disability. That is why they learn slower and have difficulty with complex reasoning and judgment. The storey of intellectual impairment various tremendously. These kids do learn and what they do learn they will not forget. Down syndrome can not be prevented but it is pot with Down syndrome, whatever their age, are people first. They are people with abilities, strengths and weaknesses like everyone else. They whitethorn have sumal needs but first they have the same needs as everyone else of their age conclave.The quality of health fearfulness, study and community support provided to children and adults with Down syndrome makes a re al contrast to their construct throughout life. This module provides an introduction to all the issues that need to be intercommunicate to enable individuals with Down syndrome, and their families, to enjoy full and happy lives within their communities. It offers an overview of the development of individuals with Down syndrome from infancy to adult life. It also provides a unofficial of the causes of Down syndrome, the incidence and prevalence of the condition, life expectancy and associated education and health care needs.Children with down syndrome experience problems with their digestive tract at a rate that is much laid-backer than that of other children. 6 some of these problems such as pulley of the digestice tract can be life threatening and can require emergency surgery. Blockage or atresia of the esophagus or the duodenum can cause starvation if not corrected. Atresia occurs when the anal opening does not develop. This condition prevents solid waste from being elimina ted from the in proveinal tract and must be corrected surgically. Anal stenosis will allow waste products to pass, but will cause constipation.Gastroesophageal feflux is also more common in individuals with down syndrome. During this stage food reenters the esophagus from the stomach. This can cause vomiting and vexation of the esophagus. You can also have vision problem s with down syndrome to. Theses problems are common with those suffering with down syndrome. Strabismus in which one or both euyes either truns in or out. Occurs in 43% of theses chuldren. It is caused by abnormal or incomplete development of the cneters in the considering that control the coordination of eye faecess. This condition whitethorn require an eye patch, exceptional glasses or even surgery.Vision therapy may also be benificial and should be considered before surgery. Hearing problems also come with syndrome. 7 anatomical differences that result from trisomy 21 contribute to the larger percentage of h earing difficulties founf in individuals with down syndrome. Appromately 53% in children with down syndrome have hearing problems. This makes it more difficult to probe the ars for wax buildup and infection. The middle ear is smaller than normal, as well. This contributes to the presence of degenerative ear infections in 40% to 60% of children with downs syndrome.The shallow nasal bridge founfd in 61% of individuals with down syndrome also contributed. Collapse or blockage of the eustachian tube, which leads from the ear to the throat, causes fluid to build up in the middle ear and increases the put on the line of middle ear infection. 8In children with down syndrome the eustachian tubes are often smaller tha normal and have lowered muscle tone. Problems with fluid build up in the middle ear occur in 60% of indiviuals with down syndrome this fluid buildup interferes with hearing and can cause permanent hearing evil if it remains for a pertinacious peopif of time.Estimates of he aring loss in people with down syndrome range from 60% to 80%. Hearing loss in children can contribute to language and speech difficulies as well as auditory upkeep. Monitoring for fluid buildup and infections of the middle ear should begin before the age of six months and should continue into adulthood. Hearin aids may be a choice as well. Another problem that occurs in down syndrome individuals is problems with thyroid gland gland. Weighing less than one ounce the thyroid is actually one of the largest endocrine glands. Thyroid internal secretions help regualte the synthesis of growth factore and many hormones.Thyroid hormones are crucial for proper brain development during pregnancy. They are also outstanding in normal growth. Because they are composed of the amino acid tyrosine, to which atomic number 53 molecules have been atattched adequate iodine in the diet is esstenial for their production. Another hormone produced by the thyroid gland is calcitonin which regulates the levels and metabolism of calcium. The hormones tri-iodothyonine and tetraiodothyonine are produced by the thyroid gland in a ratio of 114. t4 is secreted by the thyroid gland in responses to TSH. The active form, T3 is formed in the kidney, liver, and pleen by removal of one iodine molecule from T4. individuals with down syndrome also are 10 to 30 times more likely to develop Leukemia. 9 This is a type of cancer caused by the production of abnormal qhite blood cells by the bone marrow. These abnormal cells eventually crowd out normal exsanguinous and red blood cells. There are two main types of leukemia. cunning and chronic. Acute leukemias develop slowly and the patienst condition pass ups slowly. Chronic leukemia develops rapidly and the patients syptoms worsen quickly. approximately 10% of babies born with down syndrome develop a pass(a) leukemia that usually goes away by 3 months of age.About 20% to 30% of those with this passing condtion go on to develop acute leukemia. Ba bies who do not have down syndrome rarely have the transient form of leukemia. This higher run a risk of leukemia is in contrast to the risk of other types of cancer in individuals with down syndrome. The incidence of most types of solid tumors is muh smaller than in the general population. Down syndromes rates has also increased. From 1979 to 2003, the prevalence (total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific time) of Down syndrome (DS) at birth increased by 31 percent, from 9 to 12 per 10,000 live births in 10 US regions.Within the 10 regions, birth prevalence of DS ranged from a low of 9. 7 in Arkansas to a high of 13. 7 in Utah during 1997-2003. The number of infants born with DS was almost 5 times higher among births to older mothers (38. 6 per 10,000) than among births to younger mothers (7. 8 per 10,000). In 2002, DS was found to be present in about 1 of every 1,000 children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 existent in 10 chosen regions of the United States, which means that approximately 83,000 children and adolescents with DS were living in the United States during that year. Prevalence of DS by age group was the highest in 0-3 year olds at 11. , declining to 10. 3 among 4-7 year olds, 9. 8 among 8-11 year olds, 8. 3 among 12-15 year olds, and 6. 0 among 16-19 year olds. A screening rise will help identify the possibility of Down syndrome. Screening tests do not provide conclusive answers, but rather, they provide an indication of the likelihood of the baby having Down syndrome. An abnormal test result does not mean that your baby has Down syndrome. The goal with a screening test is to gauge the risk of t baby having Down syndrome. If the screening test is despotic and a risk for Down syndrome exists, further testing may be recommended.Diagnostic tests can identify Down syndrome before the baby is born. January issue of midwifery & Gynecology, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists released guidelines recommendin g screening for Down syndrome to all pregnant women during their first trimester. agnostic tests tend to be more expensive and have a degree of risk screening tests are quick and easy to do. However, screening tests have a greater chance of being wrong there are false-positive (test indicates the baby has the condition when the baby really does not) and false-negatives (baby has the condition but the test indicates they do not).As far as those individual kids with Down syndrome there is a lot that they can do, just as the regular ones. Kids with Down syndrome tend to have a sense of humor. Those with this disorder have slurred quarrel and stutter but what you can understand they have pretty grievous conversation. Also in about 4 percent of all down syndrome cases the individual possesses not an entire third copy of chromosome 21 material, which has been coordinated via a translocation into a no homologous chromosome. In translocation pieces are swapped in the midst of two non-r elated chromosomes forming hybrid chromosomes.The most common translocation associated with Down syndrome is that between the long leg (down gene area) of chromosome 21 and an end of chromosome 14. 10 The individual in whom the translocation has occurred shows no evidence of the aberration since the normal complement of genetic material is still present only a different chromosomes location. The difficulty arises when this individual forms gametes. A mother who possesses the 21/14 translocation, for example has one normal 21 one normal 14 and the hybrid chromosomes.She is a genetic flattop for the disorder because she can pass it on to her offspring even though she is clinically normal. The mother can produce three types of viable gametes one containing the normal 14 and 21. the presence of an extra copy of the long arm of chromosome 21 causes defects in many tissues and organs. One major effect of Down syndrome is mental retardation. The intelligence quotients of affected individu als are typically in the range of 40-50. The IQ varies with age but being higher in childhood than in adolescence or adult life.The disorder is often accompanied by physical traits. Trisomy 21 is one of the most common chromosomal aberrations occurring in about 0. 5 percent of all conceptions and in one out of every seven hundred to eight hundred live births. About 15 percent of the patients institutionalized for mental deficiency suffer from Down syndrome. Before the chromosomal basis for the disorder was determined the frequency of Down syndrome births was correlated with increased maternal age. For mothers at age twenty the incidence of down syndrome is about 0. 5 percent which increases to 0. 9 percent by the age thirty-five and 3 percent at age forty-five. compare the chromosomes of the affected offspring with those of both parents have shown that the nondisjunction event is maternal about 75 percent the time. The maternal age effect is thought to result from the different man ner in which the male and female gametes are produced. Gamete production in the male event in females. Formation of the females gametes begins early in embryonic life, somewhere but between the eight and twentieth weeks.During this time, cells in the developing ovary divide rapidly by mitosis forming cells called primary quill oocytes. These cells then begin meiosis by pairing up the homologues. The attend is interrupted now and the cells are held in a state of hang up animation until needed in reproduction, when they are triggered to complete their division. Most individuals with Down syndrome have intellectual disability in the mild (IQ 5070) to condition (IQ 3550) range, with individuals having Mosaic Down syndrome typically 1030 points higher. Dr.Weihs notes the mental qualities of people with Down syndrome to be unisexual, playful, affectionate, mischievous and imitative. 21Language skills show a difference between understanding speech and expressing speech, and commonly in dividuals with Down syndrome have a speech delay. Fine motor skills are delayed and often lag behind gross motor skills and can interfere with cognitive development. Effects of the condition on the development of gross motor skills are quite variable. Some children will begin walking at virtually 2 years of age, while others will not walk until age 4.Physical therapy, and/or participation in a program of adapted physical education (APE), may promote enhanced development of gross motor skills in Down syndrome children. A 2002 literature review of elective abortion rates found that 9193% of pregnancies in the United body politic and Europe with a diagnosis of Down syndrome were apprized. 54 Data from the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register in the United Kingdom indicates that from 1989 to 2006 the proportion of women choosing to terminate a pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome has remained ageless at around 92%.In the United States a number of studies h ave examined the abortion rate of fetuses with Down syndrome. Three studies estimated the termination rates at 95%, 98%, and 87% respectively. Medical ethicist Ronald Green argues that parents have an obligation to avoid genetic harm to their offspring, and Claire Rayner, then a patron of the Downs Syndrome Association, defended testing and abortion saying The hard facts are that it is costly in ground of human effort, compassion, energy, and finite resources such as money, to care for individuals with handicapsPeople who are not yet parents should ask themselves if they have the right to inflict such burthens on others, however willing they are themselves to take their share of the burden in the beginning some physicians and ethicists are concerned about the good ramifications of the high abortion rate for this condition. 59 Conservative commentator George Will called it eugenics by abortion. 60 British peer Lord Rix stated that alas, the birth of a child with Downs syndrome is still considered by many to be an utter catastrophe and that the ghost of the biologist Sir Francis Galton, who founded the eugenics movement in 1885, still stalks the corridors of many a hospital. Doctor David Mortimer has argued in Ethics & Medicine that Downs syndrome infants have long been disparaged by some doctors and government bean counters. Some members of the disability rights movement believe that public support for prenatal diagnosis and abortion based on disability contravenes the movements basic philosophy and goals.Peter Singer argued that neither hemophilia nor Downs syndrome is so crippling as to make life not outlay living from the inner perspective of the someone with the condition. To abort a fetus with one of these disabilities, intending to have another child who will not be disabled, is to treat fetuses as interchangeable or replaceable. If the mother has previously persistent to have a certain number of children, say two, then what she is doing, in effe ct, is rejecting one potential child in favor of another.She could, in abnegation of her actions, say the loss of life of the aborted fetus is outweighed by the gain of a better life for the normal child who will be conceived only if the disabled one dies. Individuals with Down syndrome have a higher risk for many conditions. The medical consequences of the extra genetic material in Down syndrome are highly variable and may affect the function of any organ system or bodily process. Some problems are present at birth, such as certain heart malformations. Others become ostensible over time, such as pilepsy. Other things Down syndrome patients go through are very emotional. For people with Down syndrome it is very hard to cope with the everyday activities. It is also hard on the family, especially the parents. It can be very frustrating for the parents to cope with having a child with Down. People born with Down syndrome require so much more extra attention than that of a normal chil d. Suggestions from some psychologists are for the parents to go to some miscellany of group sessions to talk to other parents who have children with Down.Therefore, someone else can understand the frustrations that they go through in raising their child. People with Down syndrome have a lot of different emotions running through their mind and body. People with Down syndrome, whatever their age, are people first. They are people with abilities, strengths and weaknesses like everyone else. They may have additional needs but first they have the same needs as everyone else of their age group. The quality of health care, education and community support provided to children and adults with Down syndrome makes a real difference to their progress throughout life.This module provides an introduction to all the issues that need to be addressed to enable individuals with Down syndrome, and their families, to enjoy full and happy lives within their communities. It offers an overview of the de velopment of individuals with Down syndrome from infancy to adult life. It also provides a summary of the causes of Down syndrome, the incidence and prevalence of the condition, life expectancy and associated education and health care needs. Further modules in this series address each of these issues in detail.Down syndrome patients also have another way to look at things. The most of the time feel different and out of place. Most would like to know who Down syndrome affects. For instance what race and what are the ratios of living past a stripling Children and adults with Down syndrome have a wide range of abilities. A person with Down syndrome may be very healthy or may have unusual and demanding medical and social problems at virtually every stage of life. Its important to remember that every person with Down syndrome is a unique individual. Each child will develop at his or her own pace.It may take children with Down syndrome longer than other children to reach develop Down syn drome cannot be cured. However, early treatment can help many people with Down syndrome to live productive lives well into adulthood. Children with Down syndrome can often public assistance from speech therapy, occupational therapy, and exercises to help improve their motor skills. They might also be helped by special education and attention at school. Some of the medical problems common in people with Down syndrome, like cataracts, hearing problems, thyroid problems, and seizure disorders, can be also treated or corrected.It has been suggested that children with Down syndrome might benefit from medical treatment that includes amino acid supplements and a drug cognize as Piracetam. Piracetam is a drug that some people believe may improve the ability of the brain to learn and understand. However, there have been no controlled clinical studies with Piracetam to date in the U. S. or elsewhere that show its safe and efficacy. The life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has incr eased substantially. In 1929, the fairish life span of a person with Down syndrome was nine years. Today, it is common for a person with Down syndrome to live to age 50 and beyond.In addition to living longer, people with Down syndrome are now living fuller, richer lives than ever before as family members and contributors to their community. Many people with Down syndrome form meaningful relationships and eventually marry. Now that people with Down syndrome are living longer, the needs of adults with Down syndrome are receiving greater attention. With assistance from family and caretakers, many adults with Down syndrome have developed the skills required to hold jobs and to live semi-independently mental milestones, but many of these milestones will eventually be met.Therefore, parents should not compare the progress of a child with Down syndrome to the progress of other siblings or even to other children. picpic pic 1 Down syndrome K. Le Lerner Pg. 1377. Paragraph 1. 2 Genes and Disorders. By Fay Evans-martin. Pg. 14 paragraph 2. 3 Fay Evans-martin Pg. 17 Paragraph 3. 4 5 6 Genes & Disease By Fay Evans Pg. 67 7 Genes and Disorders Br Fay Evans Pg. 71 8 Genes And Diseases By Fay Evans Pg. 71 9 Pg. 75 Genes And Disorders By Fay Evans 10 Down syndrome medical guide. Pg. 749

Paradox of Samsung’s Rise

The Paradox of Samsungs Rise, examines the strategic management decisions that take to Samsungs emergence as one of the arenas most successful companies from an ordinary fender equipment manufacturer just 30 years ago. Samsung Electronics transformed itself through a new management initiative in 1993 that combined Western best-practices with essentially Japanese management methods to produce a highly profitable loan-blend system, resulting in recording breaking profits of $13.9 one million million million on $138 billion in revenue in 2010. As todays uphill giants face the challenge of moving beyond their home marketplaces, they seduce a great deal to learn from the highway breaking experience of South Koreas Samsung multitude, arguably the most successful globalizer of the previous generation.Twenty years ago, few people would have predicted that Samsung could transform itself from a low-cost original equipment manufacturer to a world leader in R&D, marketing, and design, with a brand more important than Pepsi, Nike, or American Express. Fewer still would have predicted the success of the travel guidebook it has taken. For both decades now, Samsung has been grafting Western business practices onto its essentially Japanese system, have its traditional low-cost manufacturing prowess with an ability to bring high-quality, high-margin branded products fleetly to market.Like Samsung, todays emerging giantsHaier in China, Infosys in India, and Koc in Turkey, for instanceface a paradox their continued success requires turning away from what made them successful. The tightly integrated business systems that have worked in their home markets are unlikely to secure their future in global markets. Samsung has steadily navigated this paradox to overhaul its initial success in its home markets and stir up onto the world stage.To move to the next level, they, too, must reinvent themselves in ways that may look contradictory. And when they reach new plate aus, they will need to do so again. For vii years, we have traced Samsungs progress as it has steadily navigated this paradox to decease its initial success in its home markets and move onto the world stage. It is a story we believe holds many important lessons for the current generation of emerging giants seeking to do the same.The Rise of a World LeaderThe two sets of business practices could not have seemed more incompatible. Into an organization focused on continuous process improvement, Samsung introduced a focus on innovation. Into a resembling workforce, Samsung introduced outsiders who could not speak the language and were unfamiliar with the companys culture. Into a Confucian tradition of reverence for elders, Samsung introduced merit pay and promotion, putting few young people in positions of authority over their elders. It has been a path marked by both disorienting disequilibrium and intense exhilaration.Founded in 1938, the Samsung Group is the largest corporate ent ity in South Korea, with $227.3 billion in revenue in 2010 and 315,000 employees worldwide. Best known for its flagship, Samsung Electronics (SEC)producer of semiconductors, cell phones, TVs, and LCD panelsthe groups highly diversified businesses span a wide range of industries, including pecuniary services, information technology services, machinery, shipbuilding, and chemicals.By 1987, when lee side Kun-Hee succeeded his father as only the second chairman in the companys history, Samsung was the leader in Korea in most of its markets. But its overseas position as a low-cost producer was becoming untenable in the face of intensifying contestation from Japanese electronics makers, which were setting up manufacturing plants in Southeast Asia, and rising domestic help wages in South Koreas newly liberalizing economy.In the early 1990s, Lee spotted an opportunity in the reluctance of Japanese companiesthe analog market leadersto adopt digital technology, which consumers were flock ing to in cameras, audio equipment, and other electronic products. This opened the door for Samsung to surpass its rivals if it developed the agility, innovativeness, and creativity to succeed in the new digital market.Success Mantra crisscross schema- Mix and Match of Japanese strategy and Western Strategy. Implementation of western strategy on Japanese strategy. justice in all department, such as, Marketing, Production, IT, Finance and especially in HR. The Hybrid Strategy diversification. Capital Management. Type of operation. Supplier Relation. HR aspects- -Type of Labor, -Recruitment, -Promotion and Compensation.Other Reasons Outsiders in- Insider abroad policy. Diversification Advantage. Flexibility. Implementation of 6 sigma. Latest advanced IT systems. Financial positions.ConclusionIf you act tally to market, Market will react according to you

Optimistic or Numb Essay

For years, beggary is star of the insistency issues that India faced, and being the country that bedevil unrivalled third of the worlds brusque, al close Indians be leading a life that people in the modern familiarity empennage never imaging. They never had ample nutrition to satisfy their hunger, nor a role to sleep and of course, non having clothes to soften and tear. Dangers were always around them and people would be killed so easily alike if one is crushing an ant.And because of this, most of them springiness up hope and smash struggling to improve their lifestyle, and it is to the extent that they became too adapt able to misery and use up their rights of pursuing happiness. In the base The Grass-Eaters by Krishnan Varma, the main yoke, Ajit baboo and his wife, Swapna atomic number 18 depicted as the poorest people in the Indian society, they startd a refugees life and be constantly on the move, even though Ajit Babu was a school master and is well educat ed, he was not leading a stable life.Despite the optimism attitude that Ajit Babu adopts towards the poverty and miseries he suffered, at that place actu onlyy lies a deep sense of despondency underneath it. In order to comfort themselves and the match forced themselves to give up some human nature for adapting the environment. This is why he is able to grow so accustomed in seeing the darkest side of society that he is able to watch it in peace and contentment.The root use symbolism to emulate the reality behind those contradictions, and to create a couple like them, grass-tributarys, spot, railway and night blindness (167-170) are a few symbols the precedent used to offer a distinctive weight down of interpretations of this short story. Firstly, the most obvious symbol, the grass-eaters and since it is sets as the title, the root must put on his own reason to this. This symbol plays an important role in the story development, as generally Grass-eater is use to define a ty pe of creature or else than a person who is ve incurarian.By using Grass eater, the author is trying to covey the idea that these people living in poverty are no longer living in conditions go away for human survival, but reduced to animals instead. In the later part of the story, the author describes Swapna as fang bared, claws out(167), which depict that she possess animalistic instincts. Secondly, in a good story, there is at least an important idea that the author is trying to convey and usually there will be hints tally by the whole story.In this story, several repeats of the word dental plate provoke be found easily. They refer to different places, or in this fortune, steady objects which plays different roles, but overall they share a similar meaning, that is to defend the incapability to control of ones fate, especially for the poor. Commonly when it comes to home, most of us will link it with words like stability, pledge, family, privacy, comfort, memory and the most important, your roots. and, in this story, home does not represent this at all.Since the couple is constantly on the move, it shows the instability their life, from the start, they have to set aside their own state, where their roots are and travel miles to Calcutta to avoid the riots in East Bengal (167). In their first home, which is nothing more than a footpath, it is so crowded that once you leave your place at night, you will not be able to sense your place again (167) and there is no privacy, as sharing one home with strangers is truly common, not only that, there is no security at all, since one might lose an ear by expenditure a night at such a place (167).In their second home, which is a wagon, even though they manage to get all the privacy they want, it is very insecure, since That was not the only we went to bed in Calcutta and woke up in another place(168). While privacy is very important to us but it is something we take for granted, but to the couple it is a heaven-sent gift. In order to let their fourth kid, Prodeep to be natural in a proper place, they move to a cement cover pipe (168), and it actually make Swapna sense very comfortable. As seen, the poor are very contented with such small improvement.This show they have when through a great deal of torment. In their die or most current home, the roof, Ajit Babu is pleased with the surrounding as the rental is cheaper as compare to other tenant yet they have a great deal more space for their son to play (169). In this story, perhaps the author creates the absence of the common meaning of a home to show that, the places they live in badly deprivation stability, security, privacy, comfort and memory and only decease will then grant the couple a place with all the things they lack of.As seen in the story, there is an eternal home to the couple, which is their tombs, the articulate We have a son to do our funeral rites when we died(170) appeared twice, and from this we can infer t hat the place can serve as a stable, secure, private and comfortable home for the couple. Since this is what the realistic world cannot give, so they resort to the reincarnation and hope that in their next life, life will be much fairer to them.This show that to the poor, mayhap death is better than life in this real world. Thirdly, most of the couples homes are near a railway, which have a long, immortal shape, and at some point of time make one feel like it is an never-ending way, just like life is endless, since you never chicane when will it endless and watching the approaching and departing train as though its a cycle, which is just like life.In the story, the couple are Hindus and Hinduism is a religion that holds the belief in reincarnation, where souls are being evolved through many evolutions. Therefore the railway has a meaning of being metempsychosis by linking the present and future. And since the couple are travelling to and fro the railway, it might typify their pr ocess of being rebirth into a better life, which we can see, that they are able to improve their living conditions as the story progresses.Finally the last symbol, night blindness, the author described as the couple as nightblind (169), there is three different interpretation to this, first, it could be refer as an infirmity, which is results from lack of certain necessary nutrition, since the couple are so poor, they are not able to afford food that can provide enough nutrition. Second, one can interpret night-blindness as a result of no electricity, because they cant afford the electricity bills, thus they are unable to fly themselves around in the dark.Both inferences are a subtle set off that poverty is one of the pressing issues and people are suffering from illness and diseases because of it. However, night-blindness can also be interpreted being optimistic, in this case being blind to the darkness in life and the obstacles that they may experience, as the only way to survi ved in this realistic world, is to be numb to the sufferings that derive even if is against their own will. In this story, the author showed the reality of the poorest people in his society, through a way of symbolism.The optimism that Ajit Babu has is in fact a kind of escape from reality. He chooses the easier way out by ignoring the sufferings he face, rather than facing them and fight for his own happiness. Poverty certainly is awful. But what really matters is to try whatever means possible to fight against it, rather than pretend to be enjoying the poverty and believe in the so-called optimism. kit and caboodle Cited Varma Krishnan. The Grass-Eaters. 1985. Rpt. in The International Story An Anthology with Guidelines for Reading and Writing about Fiction. pathos Spack. New York St. Martins, 1994. 167-170

Tattoos in Society

Tattoos in clubhouse Even though tattoos be some meters regarded as unprofessional and offensive, tattoos ar just a socio-economic class of art beca theatrical role tattoos should non hinder some unrivalled from any(prenominal)thing in life and lot with tattoos atomic number 18 just as human as everyone else. Tattoos bemuse been s clean-cutly for a long time and slang al authoritys been a defeat that causes conflicts and contradictions, both negatively and positively. Some companies do not allow their employees to have conspicuous tattoos, some do. in that location argon jobs out there that ar strict with the decorate code and gear uping conduct.Where I work, one of the dress code restrictions are that if you do have visible tattoos or frame art, they are to be conducted by either band-aid or sleeves, if anyone has a tattoo or piercing different than the ears they have to cover them up with a band aid or wear clothing that cover the tattoos. On the flip side th ere are other jobs that do not have a problem at all with employees having visible tattoos. They are allowed to have then and show them freely. Society is forced to bear a choice as to whether they should accept them or not. nation promptly days especially those of younger ages, are more open to the fancy of tattoos and the reason for having them. There are hush up people that believe that having a tattoo either means that you are a wild someone or that youve been to jail, or that people use them as a itinerary to rebel against society. Individuals who th sign that about a person are stereotyping without discriminating the real meaning of them. Whatever the reason is for stick outting a tattoo be ready to sit attention from it, it might be in a good way or in a bad way. There are many diverse reasons why people get tattoos.In past times tattoos were mainly used as place symbols, amulets, and signs of religion. Now days they are mainly used as a form of expression, adorn ments, a way to show their individuality, or in addition as a declaration of love. People get tattoos with their loved ones name or a symbol that would represent them. They also get pictures of things that have a special meaning to them or something that reminds them of something important in their lives. Religious tattoos are very common in some religions and in others they are een as a sin or a way to rebel against your religion, for even upt in the Buddhist and Hindu religions tattoos are a big opus of their religion. They use them to represent their culture and their religious beliefs. In the Christian and Judaic religion tattoos are seen as a bad thing to do to your body, they believe that the body should be kept clean or without any modifications. For some individuals peer pressure from the new society to have tattoos makes them take to get one even when it means to break your religious rules. In the Hindu religion the women get really creative tattoos in different sepa rate of their bodies equal on their hands.These are usually done when they get married, the tattoo artist will create a design on the palm of the brides hand and in the design they incorporate the name of the bride the groom has to find it first in order for them to consume their marriage. These traditions are still used today just like they were used for thousands of years. As time goes by tattoos are being accepted more in society, and they are seen differently. There will always be those who still disagree with them and that are still against them and that they would judge those who have them. Tattoos have been around for years.We believed that the oldest known tattoos have been found on Egyptian mummies, until in 1991 there was a mammy that was named The Ice Man and it is believed to be about 5,200 years old. It was discovered in the Italian-Austrian border. In Egypt, scientists have discovered the oldest tattooing tools dating keep going to 1450 BC. The oldest tattooed mummie s found were largely women it seems that men were not get as many tattoos as women did. Excavators believed that these women were pronounced because it was believed that they were woman of dubious status as the author Joann Fletcher from the Smithsonian magazine mentioned it.This could be a reasonable reason for having found more mummies that were women. The tools used back in past times were described to be a frosty point set in a wooden handle, flattened needles that when trussed together would provide repeated patterns of multiple dots. Now the tools have evolved yet are still the same concept a needle that pierces the whittle repeatedly creating the same effect on the skin. It was a painful affect back then and it has not changed. You get severe burning when get the tattoo and sometimes the person potnot take the pain and they have to run off the process, o they are left with a tattoo that is halve way and the they have to go through the removal process if they wish t o take on it. Although the tools are more advanced the pain you get when getting a tattoo is still the same. The most used color in the Egyptian culture since ancient times has been black and in other cultures it has been the brighter colourise that were most common. Now all of the colors are as as popular. There are some that are more popular than others like Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, and White these colors are usually used as tint.There are different types of pigments that are used now days, there are organic based, mineral based, and plastic based, and the plastic based pigments are the ones used for brighter colors. The ink used is usually FDA approved tho there are still places that use the illegal ink, some of the ink that people use is not for the skin and this will result in an infection. As time goes by the pigments reach in the skin as they have sun exposure and with time the pigment goes deeper into the dermis so the image fades and becomes less recognizable.The colo rs that are more likely to fade are red, yellow, and pink. You can use sunscreen lotion to dish up comfort the skin from the sun that in the long run will help maintain the look of the tattoo and it will help from fading. One of the cons of tattoos other than the rejection from society is the bad side of tattoo removal. When you adjudicate that you made a bad choice on a tattoo or you decide its not something you want anymore you have the choice to get rid of it with a laser.The procedure is said to be pain full and the tattoos are not removed in its entirety it still leaves a scar. You also run the risk of catching an infection when getting the tattoos since the skin is getting pierced several times and it is left open after the tattoo is done. The worst case scenario would be if you catch HIV, this happens when a person that is infected with this deadly virus has gotten a tattoo and the tattoo artist did not disinfect the needle properly so the next person that gets a tattoo w ill run the risk of getting infected.The different countries that use tattoos the most are Japan, Samoa, Africa, and New Zealand. They all have different discovers of the body that they prefer to get tattoos in New Zealand they tattoo the saying to represent status, lines of decent and tribal affiliations. These tattoos are called Moko. In India and Thailand they preferred tattoos on the arms and legs they use the tattoos to show strength. In Africa they used tattoos in a different way since it is very hard to see the tattoos on their dim skin they would make indents in the skin like Braille.In ancient Greece and Rome the Persians would tattoo the woman with exotic beauty marks. In primal America the Mayas would use tattoos as a sign of courage. The most common tattoos now days are those of the zodiac signs, names, pictures of family members, or someone they admire. In the ancient times the most common tattoos were of symbols that were used as amulets or were part of the religio n. Now most tattoos are colorful and there are even tattoos that glow in the dark.These are not so common since you can only see then under a black light they are becoming very popular in clubs. Tattoos have evolved end-to-end time and people become more and more fascinated by them. Society will always have different opinions about tattoos, Peoples religions and their different beliefs will always play a major roll in the way people perceive tattoos and those who have them. Society should consider the opinion of the opposite side out front judging and before stereotyping someone.The people that have tattoos should also consider the other persons point of view and their reasons for not liking a tattoo or not wanting(p) a tattoo. If we educate ourselves more about the reasons for some to have them and the reasons of those that contrast to them we would be more open to the subject of tattoos. http//www. smithsonianmag. com/history-archaeology/tattoo. html http//historyoftattoos. o rg/ http//www. essortment. com/all/historyoftatto_rkyb. htm http//www. colourlovers. com/ web log/category/articles http//www. livestrong. com/article/12437-tattoos-and-tattooing/

Cause and Effects of Teenage Drinking and Drug Use Essay

As a former offender of puerile substance handle and driving while under the influence, I tell apart full salutary how hard this topic hits home and my wallet. I have tried close to everything except needles I drew the line in that location. The biggest factor that I confront as a pre/ teen at home, middle, Jr. high, high check was colleague pressure. During these years, it was like riding a rollercoaster with my drinking, drugging, and emotional problems it equaled one messed up kid. I was placed in rehab five times, until my last close betoken. I went to a party in 1988 with a few friends, with the intentions of getting drunkard and high. I got into a truck and crashed it, and was in the hospital for two weeks. This is when I told myself, enough is enough and I checked into a rehab. I was thither almost six and a half months controling meetings and addressing other problems that I was having. One of my assignments while in rehab was a reflection paper The dissolve sum mer night, from hellAugust 10, 1988I left my house to, party with friends After stopping to pick up a few cases of beer and third bottles of Jack, we rolled up to a bonfire The grand fire lit up the pine trees all nearly me With a beer in hand, I took a few hits of a joint that mortal past around With the loud music in the back ground, the embers from the fire seemed to dance in the cool dark sky Look at the bats take flight through the fluttering lights of the fire A girl that I go to school with, walked over to me and told me to open my m let onh She put a oral contraceptive pill in then told me to swallow it and said Have a sober time I started to sweat and tone dizzy so I sat downwardly on a log that was behind me Daphne walked over and kissed me, and asked How argon you doing Look at the fireflies, f untruth all around completely I could hear was Whoosh, whoosh, whoosh and voices started slurring around me The music became apprehend Colors started leaking out of the dark The trees around me, started bleeding green The mosquitoes with their huge fangs, were submiting to bite me I heard a heavy throb noise through m head, telling me to runRain locomote on me I step in puddles of blue, black, green, red, and purple People are coming to get me Lights all around Im lying on the ground Something is in my eyes, its wet I feel like Im floating Someone, screams aloud I try to put my hand up to my head, but I shtupt A clap of thunder rips out of the silent darkness, and screams ring out once again I manage to roll to my side and degenerate up I tush hear someone from the darkness call my name BobbyBobby All I can smell is, hot anele and gas I open my eyes and see nothing at all I feel wet and cold but my strip down burns so bad Whats this light shining on me I can see someone talking but, I cant meet what they are differentiateing What the fuck, was that I panicked as their, eyes fall out I opened my eyes and dictum my dad standing near, yelli ng at me I tried to say something but, nothing came out My throat hurts I tried to pull out but, I could not wherefore are my arms and legs tied down My eyes are so heavy I wake up in an unfamiliar room Meetings and groups all the time I can remember that melting summers night from hell, and getting one last chance. accustomed my past experiences with alcohol and drugs Ive come up with six questions for someone in a similar situation I. Who, is affected by teenage drinking and drug use? In 1988. I did not foreboding who I affected as enormous as I had my alcohol. To sidereal day, I have it away that my actions affected everyone around me and attemptd undue pain. II. What are the hidden dangers and unseen costs that teens hardihood while drinking and using illegal drugs? Teens arrogatet realize the consequences of their actions. Hidden dangers, alcohol and drugs can take a toll on the body from killing brain cells to liver or kidney failure. The unseen costs come from many d ifferent sources like death, DUIs and legal fees, and your freedom. rummy Driving In 2011, 9,878 people were killed and approximately 350,000 were injured. severally crash, each death, each injury impacts not only the person in the crash, but family, friends, classmates, coworkers and more(prenominal). Even those who have not been directly touched care pay the $132 billion yearly price tag of drunk driving. unless together we can eliminate drunk driving (Mothers Against Drunk Driving, 2012). (Mothers Against Drunk Driving, 2012). III. When, should teens seek an intervention? To tell you the truth, teens never seek out interventions.Its usually too late, and something has already happened to them, and lets just face it the truth hurts. IV. Where, can they turn to receive help? When they hit carry ass and think no one cares, this is the time to let them k immediately people do go forthing to help no matter how long it takes. (Alcoholics Anonymous, 2013), Palmer Drug Abuse Prog ram (PDAP) San Antonio or a similar programs. Why PDAP? Simply put, PDAP works 89% of our chemically-dependent participants who rebriny active in PDAP for 90 days achieve at least 30 days of abstemiousness We understand that relapse is a part of the recovery process. Our environment of dear and understanding does not ostracize those who relapse, but rather encourages them to get estimable with their use and become accountable not only to themselves and their family, but too to the group of their recovering peers. Those that stay active in PDAPwork the steps, attend meetings, come to activities and stay honestcan and do stay sober. (PDAP, 2011,)V. Why, is it all important(predicate) to get clean? Most kids that abuse alcohol and drugs dont realize the importance to be clean. It affects all aspects of their life like Their health, education, legal-standing, and coming(prenominal) employment. Why Should You Care? Growing up is risky business. Thats why, as a parent, youre always working to keep your child caoutchouc from danger. From their initiative baby steps to the first car keys, you are there for themteaching life skills and setting limits so your son or lady friend will succeed and thrive. Parenting gets more challenging when kids reach adolescence. Teens naturally press their limits, test boundaries, and make choices that baffle and worry parents. They begin to look more mature and grown-up, so its easy to be fooled into thinking that they will behave like adults.But they dont, especially when it comes to alcohol. Of all the dangers your teen faces, underage drinking is among the worst. Whether teens are experimenting with beer, wine, or other liquor, alcohol presents a seriousand potentially deadlythreat. Compared with non-drinking classmates, teens who drink are more in all probability to hand in a car crash Motor fomite crashes while driving under the influence of alcohol is the leading cause of death in youths ranging from 15 to 20 according to the National passage Traffic Safety Administration. On average, eight teenagers die each day due to alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes.Read more How Many Teenagers Die From Drugs & Alcohol? eHow.com http//www.ehow.com/facts_5661242_many-teenagers-die-drugs-alcohol_.htmlixzz2KmbQbrd8, (Robinson, 1988).(Bempechat, Janine And Others, 1989-00-00) (Mothers Against Drunk Driving, 2012) How, can a teen take the first steps to admit they have a problem? First, we must understand the interworking of a teen. They think that no one cares or understands them, well their wrong. in that respect has been a whole industry created towards the study that encompasses teenagers v. alcohol/drug abuse. The main thing that parents need to know is, always keep a converse channel open and eventually they will come to you and talk close to their problems. Palmer Drug Abuse Program (PDAP) has posted videos on YouTube, and is very informative. clotureI was a former offender of substance abuse and recollect me I had my fair share of education/legal problems. I know full well how much of an impact that this problem had on my family and friends. I have tried almost everything under the sun. My friends at school were my biggest screw that I faced every day, as a pre/teen was peer pressures. I drew the line after hitting rock bottom and ran away this is when I first asked for helped and got the treatment I needed. It has taken years to regain control of my life, after one felled marriage I now have a great understanding wife and two fine-looking sons.ReferencesBempechat, Janine And Others. (1989-00-00). Teenage Pregnancy and Drug Abuse Sources of Problem Behaviors. ERIC/CUE offer No. 58. Retrieved from http//www.ericdigests.org/pre-9214/drug.htm MADD. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.madd.org/Palmer Drug Abuse Program. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.pdap.com/sahome.htm Underage Driving. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.madd.org/statistics/ Welcome to Alcoholics Anonymous,. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.aa.org/?Media=PlayFlash