Vimy Ridge :: essays research papers

It was at Vimy, in 1917, that all four Divisions of the Canadian Corps attacked simultaneously for the setoff time, about 100,000 men taking part in the battle. Vimy Ridge was an central part of the Germans defenses, barring the way to the mines and factories in the Douai plain, which had been of great use to them in their continuation of the war. The very nature of the Ridge gave it strong, built-in defense, but these intrinsic defenses had been supplemented by strong points, elaborate trench-systems and down the stairs(a) prove tunnels linking natural caves. All previous(prenominal) Allied attempts to capture the Ridge had failed, and there was a strong proboscis of opinion among the Allied commanders that the Ridge was possibly impregnable and incapable of incessantly being taken by a direct attack.                                   &nbs p                    Preparations for the battle were sodding(a) and extremely detailed. Behind their lines, the Canadians built a full-scale replica of the ground over which their troops would have to attack, giving all units the chance to employment their attacking movements and so understand what they (and neighboring units) were expected to do on the day. Regular reconnaissance patrols, assisted by information gathered from gossamer photography, meant that records of changes to the German defenses on the Ridge were always up-to-date. Tunnellers dug subterranean passages under the Ridge - a total of five kilometers in all on four levels - allowing the attacking troops to move close to their jumping-off positions in few safety. Once the battle had begun, these same tunnels allowed the wounded to be brought back under cover and also provided unseen and safe lines of communications.   &nb sp      The Infantry attack was preceded by a powerful artillery bombardment, which lasted almost three weeks, involving about 1,000 guns, including huge, 15-inch howitzers. For the offset two weeks, some guns were non fired at all, so that the Germans would not be able to locate their positions but eventually, these guns joined in the bombardment, too. Although the stamp battery was aimed at the German trenches and defensive positions on the Ridge, the Canadians also shelled enemy batteries. They had bring forth adept at locating German gun-positions and had identified the positions of 80 per cent of them.                                                        April 9th. 1917 - Easter Monday - dawned cold, with freezing rain and sleet. Th e ground conditions were very bad, with slippery bog down waiting for hamper the Canadians as they began their assault. Heavily laden, the men began to cross the bust No-Mans Land, skirting as best they could the shell-holes and craters, until they came to the muddy, slippery slopes of the Ridge itself.

Shop Online Or At The Malls? :: essays research papers

Shop Online or At the Malls? Radiation, sore eyes, fatigue carpal tunnel syndrome and characteristics of a hermit. These ar the common sickness peck get when working with computers too long. obtain is one of the largest industries in the world. For the people who decide to shop on the Internet, deplete to face many disadvantages. Many people prefer to shop in malls because they are able to see and feel the texture of the things that they want onwards they purchase it. Usually when purchasing a return online through the net, people do not know what they are really getting. Maybe the watch or the way the product is described on the Internet could be imprecise and incorrect. When shopping at the malls, consumers are able to interact with gross revenue people and be able to get the highest quality of service. Technology may be an essential part of our lives, further it will never run into over our daily lives. Computers are a valuable source of engine room to humans these days . Everyday people use these machines to do their work, but when it comes take in to shopping, it is a different experience. shop on the Internet may seem like an easy way out from the traffic and the crowded malls, but nothing can beat the hands on experience of shopping. Shopping in malls gives the consumers the chance of apply their four out of five senses to look, feel, relish and hear. The consumers are able to look at every little full point there is on the product they want before purchasing it. Where as, when using the Internet the consumer is only able to see a small experience of what they want without any details. Also the consumer can feel the quality of their product that they are purchasing. On the Internet, it is impossible to feel anything, but ones own computer.

NAPOLEON :: essays research papers

forty winks 1NAPOLEONRABULIONE cat sleep 2AbstractNapoleon Bonaparte was and still is one of Frances most revered heroes. though born a Corsican in 1769, he journeyed to France for schooling at the age of nine. After an interesting and quiet childhood Napoleon conjugated the French artillery at the age of sixteen. Through hard work, bravery, political connections and being born during a turbulent time, Napoleon rose to the social station of General.In 1799 he was elected Frances First Consul For Life, later he proclaimed himself Frances Emperor. Napoleon reformed much of European right and spread the idea of republicanism throughout much of Europe. His ideas continue to be incorporated into Switzerlands law. Napoleon to a fault reformed schools and strengthened Paris report card as one of the cultural capitals of the world. Napoleons life was not without setbacks. In 1814 he was exiled to the island of Elba, by British Allies. He was also exiled to St. capital of Montana subs equently losing battles at Waterloo, Wavre, Ligny and Quatre Bras. He lived in confinement surrounded by British Guards until he died on May 5, 1821.Napoleon 3Napoleon Rabulione Napoleone di Bounaparte, who was also known as the little Corsican, was born to Carlo maria and Letzia Maria Ramolino di Bounaparte in Ajaccio, Corsica on August 15, 1769. His family had moved there from Italy in the 16th century. Napoleon was the second of eight living children. He was named after an Egyptian religious figure. He and his older brother Giuseppe were allowed to wrestle, draw on the walls and play games in an undecorated room in the house. Napoleon also received a nickname as a child, Rabulione, which means he who meddles in everything(Bloom 2001). Napoleon was a very small, hot tempered youth. though small, he would often beat up his older brother when fighting. He hade a very large ego and was very conscientious. As a child his mother often had him follow his father to the local tavern beca use his father liked to gamble and was not very lucky. He would take up to run back and give reports to his mother. Napoleon formed many routines as a child that he continued throughout his life. Firstly, he bathed daily, as Emperor he bathed for an hour each morning before acquiring dressed. Secondly, he was very generous. He bestowed many awards, honors and titles as Emperor. Napoleon 4Napoleon started school at the age of five. He was enrolled in a school, run by a nun in 1774.

Do Illegal workers help or hurt the economy Essay

era growing up in Mexico, I heard many stories of people who were sledding to change by reversal in the united States, some unlawfully, so they could provide a better life for their families. To them, they were going to the land of opportunity, where jobs were plentiful for people who were willing to get hard. They planned to go to the United States and do the melt that Ameri chiffoniers didnt want, while getting pay much than they could make in Mexico.Many of them sought work in construction, where their demean pay would mean cheaper homes and buildings for Americans. Although there was the risk of getting arrested and deported, it seemed comparable a risk worth taking to many people. Now that I anticipate in the United States, I deem seen the other emplacement of the story. I have seen the economic difficulties that Americans face in their own country. It is plane harder for someone like me, who came here soundly, simply faces challenges that many Americans begette rt.I have met people here who are working mislabeledly, and see their day-after-day struggle to survive. I have also met Americans who were innate(p) here and have difficulty finding work. Instead of plenty of jobs for everyone, good jobs are unparalleled with many people fighting to get them. I see the vexation some people have toward those who are here prohibitedly, and working for lower wages, reservation it harder for others to complete. These observations have made me wonder do illegal workers table service or hurt the economy?Dr. George Borjas, Professor of Economics and mixer insurance at the John F. Kennedy School of government activity, found that the earnings of US born workers were reduced by an average of 3.7% by immigrant workers, both legal and illegal. The superior effect was to US born workers without a exalted school decimal point as well as young workers. In his research, published in the paper Increasing the Supply of Labor with in-migration, Dr. Bor jas writes The 10 one million million domestic-born workers without a high school degree face the or so competition from immigrants, as do the eight million junior natives with only a high school education and 12 million younger college graduates.In the information precedentise The Economic Logic of Illegal immigration by Gordon H. Hanson, Professor of Economics at University of California, Gordondiscovered that immigration has a modest impact on the economy, pushing incomes slightly lower for low-skilled native workers, and pushing incomes slightly higher(prenominal) for highly-skilled native workers.However, because legal immigrant workers encounter more than restrictions and delays in entering the work force, it is illegal immigrations that provide a fluid, low-skilled custody that is needed during economic booms. Gordon states It (Illegal immigration) provides U.S. businesses with the types of workers they want, when they want them, and where they want them. If policy reform succeeds in making U.S. illegal immigrants more like legal immigrants, in name of their skills, timing of arrival, and occupational mobility, it is likely to lower rather than raise issue welfare.In June of 2011, the state of aluminium passed the strictest anti-immigration law in the United States, know as HB 56. Alabama is an unlikely state for such a law, since only 120,000 of the countrys 11 million illegal immigrants live in Alabama. However, politicians painted illegal workers as an epidemic, contributing to budget short scratchs and high unemployment. Included in the law, is a requirement for police to validate a persons immigration status if they have reasonable incredulity.The law penalizes anyone who employs, transports, or rents to an illegal immigrant. As a result of this law, Alabama farmers, who opposed the law from the beginning, saw their workforce disappear. In an article appearing in Mother Jones magazine entitled facilitate Not Wanted, by Paul Reyes, Alabama farmers expressed their frustration with HB 56. Their problem is that the work they have is difficult and requires experience and training that well-nigh native workers dont have or are unwilling to do. In the article, Jerry Spencer, who runs elicit Alabama, a community-supported agriculture (CSA) project, is quoted. During a single month, Spencer employed 75 Alabamians to work on a farm, picking tomatoes. Of the 75 workers, 15 of them showed up more than once and only 3 lasted for the whole month.Spencer says A Mexican can honestly make $300 a day at the point of tomato season, but thats based on $3 per box. The (Alabamian) workers we took up there couldnt come close. Im going to be generous and say $20 a day was average. I in reality was proud to see how hard they did work, but they couldnt live up to the efficiency, and therefore the speed and production, that Mexicans couldAn earlier law that prohibited employers from hiring illegal workers was the Immigration Reform and Control Act, which was passed by congress in 1986. This act created penalties for employers who wittingly hire illegal immigrants. However, illegal workers have found a stylus to counter this by obtaining fake Social protection numbers and unfledged cards, which can be purchased easily in most immigrant neighborhoods for a subtile fee. These false documents allow employers to claim ignorance if caught hiring an illegal worker.This also means that the illegal workers are paid the said(prenominal) way as other workers, along with tax deductions. In an article appearing in Generations magazine entitled Not on the Radar Illegal Immigrant are Bolstering Social security system, author Eduardo Porter provided the following statistic, The estimated seven million or so illegal immigrant workers in the United States are now providing the system with a tribute of as much as $7 billion a year. It is important to none with this statistic, that illegal workers are not eligible for Social Security benefits. Their Social Security deductions are being paid to retired legal workers.While illegal workers with false documents are paying taxes and contributing to the Social Security system, illegal immigrant workers also add a financial strain on city and state budgets. For example, in states like California, where one third of alien born people in the United States live, children of immigrants are affecting ordinary schools. In the book Immigration in a Changing prudence Californias Experience, authors Kevin F. McCarthy and George Vernez advocate that more education needs be provided in California public schools for English proficiency for immigrant children lest they, and California with them, fall behind the rest of the country warns McCarthy and Vernez.Illegal workers may have dreams of making lots of money while working in the United States, but the truth is that they will face low-level jobs with the likelihood of exploitation.In a study of illegal Mexican workers, which is documented by Francisco L. Rivera-Batiz in the study Undocumented workers in the labor market An analysis of the earnings of legal and illegal Mexican immigrants in the United States, published in the daybook of Population Economics, it was found that 93.2% of male illegal workers and 87.4% of female illegal workers worked in service occupations. Furthermore, they made significantly less(prenominal) income than legal workers performing the same functions.Although some of the pay discrepancy is repayable to their time spent in the United States and English proficiency, it does not explain all of the pay discrepancies. Rivera-Batiz writes, The swelled proportion of the gap in wages between legal and illegal immigrants unexplained by differences in the measured characteristics of these two groups strongly suggests the straw man of systematic discrimination against undocumented workers.After conducting my research, I have been move to learn that illegal immigr ation has a minimal impact on the overall US economy. The most negatively affected are young, low-skilled, less educated native workers, who experience slightly lower wages due to illegal immigrant workers. Highly-skilled native workers actually suck a slightly higher income due to illegal immigrant workers.Illegal workers benefit of course, but they are also easy targets for exploitation, since they are often not paid the same as legal workers performing the same job functions, and do not receive the same benefits that legal workers do. The real winners from illegal immigration are the businesses that knowingly employ illegal workers. They receive a workforce willing to work for minimal wages, and perform jobs that many native workers are unwilling to do. Government agencies also benefit by receiving tax payments from illegal workers, while not having to pay out such benefits as Social Security. For these reasons, I know little change in Immigration laws, since the current situat ion benefits those with the most power and money.Works Cited(1) Borjas, G. J. (2004, May). In Increasing the Supply of Labor Through Immigration Measuring the Impact on Native-born Workers. Retrieved Mar. 29, 2013, from http// www.cis.org/articles/2004/back504.html(2) Hanson, G. H. (2007, Apr. 26 ). In The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration. Retrieved Mar. 29, 2013, from http//www.cfr.org/content/publications (3) McCarthy, Kevin F., Vernez, George. Immigration in a Changing Economy Californias Experience. Rand, 1997 338 EBSCOhost. Anoka Technical College, Anoka, Minnesota. 19 April 2013 http//www.ebsco.com (4) Reyes, Paul. Help Not Wanted. Mother Jones butt against/April 2012 EBSCOhost. Anoka Technical College, Anoka, Minnesota. 19 April 2013 . (5) Rivera-Batiz, Francisco L. Undocumented workers in the labor market An analysis of the earnings of legal and illegal Mexican immigrants in the United States Journal of Population Economics (1999) 91-116EBSCOhost. Anoka Technical C ollege, Anoka, Minnesota. 29 March 2013 . (6) Porter, Eduardo. Not on the Radar Illegal Immigrants Are Bolstering Social Security. Generations Spring 2005, Vol. 29 Issue 1 100-102EBSCOhost. Anoka Technical College, Anoka, Minnesota. 29 March 2013 .

Custom Snowboards Inc. Analysis Essay

atomic number 63an Expansion Historical AnalysisTo patch up a decision about elaborateness to atomic number 63, we moldiness first analyze outgoing performance as an indicator about succeeding(a) performance. A diachronic analysis was completed on the unions prehistorical sense of balance sheets. bespoke Snowboards Inc. has had accessiond authorize gross gross sales in the past terzetto twelvemonths. straighten out sales went up .23% in course of study 13 and .93% in social class 14. address of goods sold (consisting of direct material, labor, and bothwherehead) and in relation gross(a) Profit, also ontogenesisd by the like shargonages. utilise the historical entropy, we theatrical role the trend analysis to de stipulationine what sales pull up stakes be give c are in incoming days. The lodges trend analysis shows this maturation in pay sales and gross profit testament restrain well into form 17. Using base year 12, historical data shows an en medium-large to 100.2% in year 13 and a nonher .7% increase to 100.9% in year 14. Then to further review the upcoming years predictions, fashion Snowboards uses year 14 as the base year at $6,955,200. Year 15 increases to $7,163,856, a 3% increase. Year 16 slows around to $7,094,304, down a percent from year 15 plainly comfort an increase of 2% from the base year. Year 17 shows loot sales at 103.7% of the base year 14 earnings. This indicates the club has worthy salute control in revenue.When reviewing European sales forecast for historic period 15-19, we break the same trend as with employment Snowboards Inc. trend analysis. European net sales will increase from $1,391,040 to $2,423,748, or 74% during the 4 years. Using year 15 as the base year, in year 16, net sales are predicted to be 120%, 144% in year 17, 158% in year 18, and 174% in year 19.Operating Expenses. The selling expenses that whole overwhelm transportation out, sales commissions, and advertising increase at the same pass judgment as revenue. The related increase fluctuates with units sold as it should. This is an otherwisewise trait the union merchantman manage its damage control. The future operating expenses in the European Sales forecast indicate that advertising expenses will decrease and sales commissions, transportation out, factory manager/ staff expenses will increase as anticipate with an expansion. The boilersuit selling and admin expenses move from $215,048 in year 15 to $251,480 in year 19. Using year 15 as the base, there is expected 7% increase by year 16, 15% increase by year 17, 11% in year 18 and ending with a 17% increase by year 19. couple with the increasing net sales, this continues to show positive cost control.General and admin expenses change magnitude disproportionately. In year 13, the expenses increased an overall 7.24% and another 6.50% in year 14. The hardest hit areas in this area are the other general and admin expenses in year 13 an d compensation in year 14 deliverance the total operating expenses to an increase just over four percent each year. Since compensation increased, this could mean accessal employees. More workers would explain why an increase in utilities. Since sales went up, it would be justified in the employee increase however, the percentages should be to a greater extent similar. Expenses should have gone up a smaller percentage, one closer to the .23% and .93% numbers shown in net sales. Expenses growing at a faster rate than sales is poor cost control.Net earnings shows a trend of declining over the past a couple of(prenominal) years by 25-30%. This decrease and another unfortunate cost control is intimatelyly due to the decline in interest group income. Interest went down 28% in year 13 and 90.63% in year 14. The interest income could be influenced by the fact that short marches enthronements also declined in year 14 by 83.3%. Interest expenses decreased as well indicating that practise Snowboards Inc. is stipendiary the minimum payment on the amortization schedule rather of paying on the principle.Assets. Cash and immediate payment equivalents increased for usage Snowboards Inc. 114.2% in year 13 and another 30.6% in year 14. Consistent increase shows well for the conjunction but since sales went up 23% in year 13 and .93% in year 14, the gold should have increased much than in year 14 however, furniture, fixtures, and equipment went up 200,000 which agent the ships comp some(prenominal) purchased to a greater extent assets for the social club. economic consumption Snowboards is putting the property defend into the gild without winning on more debt which indicates a decent cost control. rule Snowboards around likely took money from their short circumstanceination investments to pay for the furniture. The short term investments dropped signifi green goddesstly in year 14 by more than 80%. This caused a decrease in total circulating(p renominal) assets but the overall total assets re master(prenominal)ed healthily increasing, partly due to increase in sin little(prenominal) goods and raw materials shop. oerall, made-to-order Snowboards uses respectable cost control in assets.Liabilities. Accounts and notes collectable increased proportionately to the net sales increasing total au thereforetic liabilities by the same proportions. Mortgage payable decreased consistently over the three years as did other wide term liabilities. Overall, liabilities continue to decrease over the three year period.Stockholders Equity increased over the three year period. Common standard remained steady at $200,000 ($1 par) and so did paid in cap. Retained earnings increased every year, a plus for the bank. Return on total assets, degenerate on communal equity, and price/ earnings ratio are signifi prattly high than the competition, Winter Sports. Overall the society remains stead and the bank potentiometer deduct from rev iewing the fiscal statements that the company will continue to coiffe laborious decisions and increase net worth over the next few years. equal Control Im spread outments usage Snowboards has good cost controls in place however some improvements can be made. The company currently uses Traditional Cost Base (TBC) method acting by apply a predetermined disk overhead rate and then be are divided evenly among the proceedss disregardless of what is rattling used. This does not give a true picture of costs. For the most part this is working well but the company could use pause cost control by implementing the Activity ground Costing method. In this method, overhead manufacturing costs are divided in a more rational and deliberate manner. Costs are allocated by how much it actually costs to make a specific product group. Each product would be placed in a group with other items with the same costs, regular vs personalized snowboards for example. This includes labor hours, mac hine costs, etc.Although the first principle method is more complex and time consuming, it will be worth it to Custom Snowboards. The company will be able to better assess how and where money is spent and drive down expenses and increase net earnings. In the specific case of Custom Snowboards two types of boards, regular and personalized, the rudiment method helps the company manage its money. In traditional costing, the regular bikes are $119 per unit. The personalized snowboards are $162. However, using activity based costing, the regular bikes are only $ one hundred five per unit and the personalized units are $218 each. In total takings costs, the company is spending $522119 more on regular bikes than it would using ABC, and $522119 less than it should on personalized bikes. This shows that in TBC, too much money is allocated for the regular snowboards, and not rich for the personalized units. The company aims to improve its cost controls with the ABC method to decrease expe nses and increase profits.Another room the company can control more of its costs are to itemize and budget ore specifically. telephone wire items like other general and admin expenses should be much smaller and be items that are tracked. Having a more specific budget can also allow the company the opportunity to seasonalize its budget as well. Utilities may go up in the winter because of heat, or up in the summer due to air conditioning. Snowboard sales are more likely to be higher(prenominal) in the months leading into winter than the summer months. Identifying seasonal accompaniment requirements could save Custom Snowboards a lot of money and increase net profits.Custom Snowboards can control costs by using war-ridden funding strategies versus conservative ones. The cost of long term financing is more expensive than the cost of short term financing. Being aggressive in its borrowing, the company can commence interest expenses and raise net earnings. pitiable term inve stments are riskier because of the fluctuation in interest rates, but conjugate with the tighter budget, the company should be able to predict when the best time to pay is.Day to day activities can help control costs for Custom Snowboards. Collecting account receivable as quickly as contingent but not losing nodes from high-pressure collections, better customer service, faster and more efficient mail, processing, and clearing time reduction when collecting from customers (collection and disbursement floats), and controlled disbursing, paying accounts payable slowly (but still on time to avoid character damage) are all appearances to accomplish better cost control.Inventories should be classified into three categories raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods. proper caution should be strictly enforced to visualise funds are used wisely by keeping inventory low, but having enough inventory on hand to quickly fill set outs and prevent production delays. This is in direct relation to knowing the seasonal demands of the products and predicted sales. If the company uses the ABC method, it can use the calculation Total Cost=(OxS/Q) + (Cx Q/2) where O = order cost per order, S = usage in units per period, and Q = order quantity in units. A re-order point (including lead time) should be set by management to determine when more materials should be purchased so as to not flabbergast the balance.The just in time (JIT) management system is ordering materials so they arrive at exactly the moment they are admited for production. This minimizes inventory investment but also takes extensive coordination with near perfect woodland and consistency to be successful. The company mustinessiness work with suppliers and shipping companies to realise correct arrival times in addition to internal controls to make sure the correct items are ordered on time. two Custom Snowboards raw materials inventory and finished goods inventory increased over the past thre e years. The JIT method will help the company keep these numbers under control.RisksCustom Snowboards is considering expansion into Europe either through meeting with or acquiring European SnowFun, or by simply make a naked facility. unifications happen to improve a companys allot hold dear, expand externally, diversify produce lines, reduce taxes, and increase owner liquidity. With the benefits of a merger, there are risks. The CEO of Custom Snowboards is concerned about internal operations risks associated with an expansion to Europe. She is also concerned about Custom Snowboards reaction to external risks encountered by the expansion as well.Internal risks Custom Snowboards faces could have a negative impact on the daily operations of the company. These are the risks from circumstances the company has control over. For this merger, Custom Snowboards will quest to consider internal loss of focus on current operations, pagan deflections including the language barrier, dif ferent financial reporting systems, different customers, impudent financial system, and red-hot management.Although the tillage is an external factor, the way the company handles the risk is internal. The culture of the current grocery store is vastly different and will need new-sprung(prenominal) strategies to continue sales regardless if the expansion is a merger or not. If Custom Snowboards does not understand its new customer base, it could lose sales quickly plummeting the company into bankruptcy. To mitigate this risk, research and development will need to do some work to help management communicate with a new market associates, suppliers, shipping companies, etc.Some gestures and nuances we use in the United States may not be used in Europe or vice versa. Something we think rude, may be acceptable there. They could be offended by something innocent to us resulting in sales loss. The merchandise department will also need to adjust the way it relates to customers. What sells in American, may not see in Europe. The use of multiple new languages will also need to be addressed. Bilingual employees, particularly the customer service representatives would be beneficial and help mitigate the risk of losing customers to a language barrier. It will also help the employees communicate with each other as many current employees will have to go to frame-up the expanded portion of the company. A look into the competition will abet the company quite a bit as well.Increased costs in everyday clientele. Translators, new paperwork in different languages etc. must be mitigated with pre-planning and research. The company will need to complete new reports using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFSR) which could also be a costly change for the company. Even worse, the change in accounting standards could prove to be more costly if reported incorrectly. Proper training and appreciation of the new system will mitigate this risk. All monies will need t o be converted to the current system in that country as well. All costs should be pre-budgeted to ensure the company has enough cash flow for start-up costs as well as an operating budget. pictorial business plans should be in place. Hiring an outside local anaesthetic agency to process in the accounting the first few years may be a smart way to invest into the company and mitigate the cost risk associated with an international expansion.With all the focus on getting the new part of the company up and running smoothly, there is a inclination to let the current operations fall behind. Oftentimes companies will get out their best people to assist with the expansion leaving behind employees who can barely keep the current operations afloat. This leads to missed deadlines, mismanagement of operations, and note control issues. To mitigate this risk, the company should find a balance of more experienced employees as well as less seasoned ones for the render team.The new management team can also be a risk to the company as foreign markets have different business practices. Business mistakes could cost the company money or its reputation. Inexperienced in how the company works, the new team will need lots of training. Custom Snowboards can mitigate this risk by ensuring an extensive training course is usable as well as hiring qualified individuals in European business practices as well as those of the US. Offering some current employees benefits to work in Europe until the expansion portion of the company is up and running will also benefit the company. Keeping in headland of course, the balance of current operations and those of the expansion. The new management team may also have different management styles. This could be good for the company as it tries to adopt the European market business culture.In addition to cultural barriers, another external risk is the local laws and regulations of the expansion country. In addition to the IFSR, there are spec ific laws that must be followed. This includes local labor, wage laws. Without knowing these laws, the company could inadvertently break them, leading to large fines, legal action against them, or being disallowed from doing business there. The best way to mitigate these risks are to educate, educate, educate. Custom Snowboards must learn the new laws and ensure everyone is trained on following them. A quality team should be in place to follow up on compliance as well as a consultant to get things going.External market plays a role in the success of the expansion. GDP growth rate, interest rates, consumer growth rate, the unemployment rate, etc. can all effect business for the company whether it is in the form of shipping costs or sales. To mitigate this risk, the company should do a thorough analysis of the market and benchmarks set precedent to making the commitment to expand.The company should also take into consideration any political issues in the new country as this could cau se unstableness and effect the market. So do government regulations and tariffs so Custom Snowboards should research, analyze, and be prepared.Potential ReturnsTo make the most informed decision about expanding to Europe, we must look at the potential returns for the investment. The company will fund the expansion through increasing enceinte structure. To analyze potential returns, we look at net present value (NPV) and internal rate of returns (IRR).The NPV measures profitability which is the main goal of any business. It identifies the dollar amount the company will make from the project, using the current rate. An in depth look at Custom Snowboards with child(p) budget reveals the NPV for the expansion via a new facility is $167,479. A positive NPV is an indication the company should move forward with the expansion. Had the NPV been zero, or less, the accident should have been rejected. An analysis of NPV for the merger has not been conducted.The IRR, also known as the expect ed rate of return, is the point in which the projects cash flow equals cost. This too will tell Custom Snowboards if the venture will be profitable. The vault rate set by Custom Snowboards is 10%. Which means if the IRR falls below that, the company does not feel the investment is worth age. If the IRR is above 10%, the company should move forward. The IRR for Custom Snowboards was analyzed for years 15 through 19 with $1,000,000 investment, the IRR is 14.4%. This indicates the company should move forward with the expansion.Both potential returns indicators demonstrate Custom Snowboards the expansion is a viable selection and should be moved on. The company should accept the project as the expected return on investment would prove a significant asset.Merger vs AcquisitionSince the company knows now that an expansion is the way to go, it must then decide if a merger is appropriate. The growing percentage of total sales is expected to continue rising. The company can opt to expand to Europe by way of building a new manufacturing facility with a lease pickax or by merging with SnowFun, a European company. Custom Snowboards can also acquire SnowFun. SnowFuns product is less durable but offers a personalized paintjob that increases sales. Custom Snowboards Inc. uses 10% hurdle rate for capital budgeting and expansion decisions. Merge. The IRR discussed earlier indicates the merger will be a profitable decision for the company at 14.4%. The NPV for the merger was conventional at $167,479, both indicating the merger will be profitable. Merging with SnowFun means shareholders of SnowFun would stock swap three of their existing shares for one share of the feature company.The stock purchase price for the company after merger would be $2.40 per share. SnowFun has 300,000 currently salient. Which would mean 100,000 shares of Custom Snowboards would now be owned by former SnowFun shareholders, diluting the shares owned by Custom Snowboards stockholders. Expected ear nings per share (EPS) after a merger would decrease .06 to .92. The EPS for European SnowFun is currently at a low .27 but will increase dramatically to .92. The company would have to decide if the value decline in EPS for Custom Snowboards is worth the increase from European SnowFun stocks. Positively, the merge would provide the company with pre-established workforce, facilities, and customers. As discussed, this can also be a risk to the company.Build.Building a new facility means spending $800,000 on building and equipment and, $200,000 working capital is required for inauguration. The build cream will increase assets for the company part simultaneously return profits. The build option will cause the company to incur debt. Custom Snowboards has decided that if this option is chosen, the company will fund the expansion through increasing capital structure. The company would raise capital by issuing long term debt, sale of jet stock, or a combination of both. All of these optio ns effect the companys financial leverage. It is recommended that both be done to maximize the value of the company for shareholders.Custom Snowboards could enter into a sale-leaseback at 6%, or purchase a preexisting facility over time, also at 6%. The shorter term lease would be the most beneficial to the company. The annual loan payment would be $189,917.12 versus the annual lease payment would be $195,000. The $5,082.88 yearly difference is an acceptable risk in this venture as the lease option preserves more working capital. The lease option requires cash outflows of $653,355 while the purchasing option requires outflows of $809,409, a $156,054 difference. Custom Snowboards Inc. can reinvest that money back into the company. This option provides tax advantages rather than paying property taxes. The purchasing option will have the company pay property taxes but will also provide advantages by way of depreciation.Acquire.The total present value for an acquisition is $732,522. Aft er a $720,000 purchase price, this would put the NPV for acquisition as $12,522. This makes an acquisition a profitable measure as well. This option is less expensive up front and still increases the companys assets. acquiring SnowFun would also mean a stock purchase price of $2.40 per share. With 300,000 smashing shares, that means $720,000. This option also provides the benefits of an established workforce, facilities, and customers, and the risk that comes with that.RecommendationBased on the analysis above, it is my recommendation that Custom Snowboards expand to Europe using the build with leasing option building the most working capital than the other options. The NPV indicates the investment will have a positive return on investment as does the IRR. A merger or acquisition would egest SnowFun as a threat however their inferior product and outstanding stocks would decline business for Custom Snowboards. The risk of the preexisting structures and products is greater than the company should accept. The tax advantages would contribute to the working capital of the company. The excess working capital the company gains from the expansion, can be placed back into the company, covering the startup costs. As the company builds its own reputation in Europe, a future acquisition may be more feasible. Custom Snowboards product is higher quality therefore, it may force SnowFun into a position of being acquired at a lower rate in the future.In selecting this option, the company must lastly choose how to fund the decision. There are a few ways to finance the build. The capital structures are 100% long term debt, 30% long term debt and 70% common stock, 80% long term debt and 20% common stock, and 100% common stock with no long term debt. The long term debt will military issue an just .47 earnings per common stock (EPCSS). The least beneficial to the stakeholders. In year 15, the earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) is $81,912, the income available for common st ock is $10,809, bringing the EPCSS to .054. In year 16, the EBIT is $134,544, the income available for common stock is $50,283, and the EPCSS is .251. In year 16, this option output signals the best results. In year 17 with an EBIT of $198,116, the income available for common stock is $97,962, and the EPCSS is .490, .703 in year 18 with EBIT $254,959 and $140,594 income available for common stock, and with an EBIT of $295,639 and $171,104 income available for common stock in year 19, a outlet of .856. Using the long term debt option will look the least beneficial to the stakeholders in the first year, but then maintains the best return for all subsequent years.The 30/70 option will yield in year 15, an EPCSS of .084, .156 in year 16, .243 in year 17, .320 in year 18, and .376 in year 19. This is the second best option in year 15 but in the middle for the other years. On bonnie, this option will yield .236 EPCSS, making this the second worst option. The 80/20 option will yield an EPCSS of .070 in year 15, .201 in year 16, .360 in year 17, .502 in year 18, and .604 in year 19. This option isnt bad in year 18 but not the best for the other years. This option will yield .347 on average. The no debt option will yield an EPCSS of .088, the most beneficial in year 15. In year 16, the EPCSS is .144, .212 in year 17, .273 in year 18, and .317 in year 19 making this the least beneficial of all the options the rest of the years. Over the course of the 5 years, this option will yield .207 EPCSS, the least return of all options.Although the benefits start slow with a lower EPCSS in year 15, my recommendation is to fund the build with the long term debt option. Although the 100% common stock option produces more income available for common stock, the long term debt option will yield the highest returns at an average EPCSS of .477. Longevity will prove to work best in this scenario. Over time, this option will yield the most benefits to the stakeholders. Securing capit al in this way will ensure the highest earnings, producing more income for common stock money for future investment into the company.

Ethics and Morality Essay

There is an organic apparent motion on the basis of deterrent exampleity and whether or not it is a man-made, al to the highest degree ghostlike invention or if it is intrinsic to our beings as humans. I think that the rope that is the argument amid is too complicated and tightly knotted to have a short conversation about, besides by fraying the ends of the rope we do-nothing inevitably decide that ethics is innate and that ghostlike belief may have a part in building upon it, hardly not in creating it. The curiosity behind the topic of theology is usually fashioned by religious arguments for the assumption that a deity enable us as humans with some sort of moral cranial orbit.However, by searching the brain for its different functions and dallyivities during moral dilemmas and religious interactions, along with historical clues and a little knowledge of sociology, determining that theology is not created, precisely built upon, is inevitable. holiness is defined a s normatively to refer to a economy of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put forward by all thinking(prenominal) persons (Stanford). With this as a definition, the first question to rises is the following(a) What is one moral action that a believer can do that a non-believer cannot do?There are few answers to the inverse, if any, still non-believers do not pose that they have any stronger of a moral compass than believers, magic spell believers do. It is incredibly important to think about an answer to this question because if there truly is no answer to this challenge, then a pass has been paved toward an objective that we can already see, which is that being respectable and moral is not necessarily a religious view, so such claims can today be cast off and the topic can go along on a strictly scientific road.Now the consideration lies upon what is deemed as an ethical person. Is the president ethical in his decisions? Is a doctor ethical in his decisions? Of course, there is an ethical code in these circles, but does that immediately mean that any decisions outside of the codes are immoral? A moral person is normally described as somebody who takes into account the practical consequences of his or her actions and rationally decides on a choice based on how it may affect those almost him.We call these people morally technical because their contributions to whomever they are around are normally soundly thought-out, harmless contributions to the topic. However, this is just now a definition, and the person is simply his or her self. Take into account the thoughts of those around the subject. A religiously-convicted man would say that his morality is the reason for his slap-up nature, while one not necessarily supporting holiness would say that he is simply a good person.As an aside, there are quadruplex people who would take the chance to point out many historically immoral figures, such as Mao Zedong, Stalin, Pol Pot, who wer e atheistic. While it is on- discover that these figures were indeed non-believers, it is important to distinguish the reasons for their immorality. It was not based on religion, but rather by social ca-cas and a greed for power that caused them to act out. Some may cite Hitler as an atheist as well, but theyd be digging their own grave. Hitler, in Mein Kampf, even gives reference to the Christian god, and had religious inscriptions on every Nazi-uniform belt.To get back to the foregoing point, it is important to take into account what those around the subject would perceive, and although the religiously-convicted man cleverness have millions of people around the world following his train of thought, enquiry done Dr. Pyssiainen and Dr. Hauser from the departments of Psychology and Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University offers an interest perspective on the topic Despite differences in, or even an absence seizure of, religious backgrounds, individuals show no differenc e in moral judgments for unfamiliar with(predicate) moral dilemmas.The research suggests that intuitive judgments of right and wrong seem to engross independently of explicit religious commitments. Pyssiainens and Hausers study grants us that although religious backgrounds may indeed build upon moral constructs, as good religion is altogether positively influential to a good person, a complete lack of religious background is perfectly plausible if an individual wishes to be moral because moral judgments are not linked to religious commitments.This finding is absolutely crucial to determining whether or not morality is man-made or inherent to humans because it breaks the perceived bond between belief and morality. So their contribution to the topic has been seen through with(predicate) and accepted as a welcome source of reference. However, it is essential to look at the another(prenominal) side of the argument. Which studies show that seem to show that religion is a key factor in morality? Unfortunately, they are found few and furthest between. As a matter of fact, there are literally no scientific studies that show religion is crucial in the formation of morality.Its widely granted that religion, in some aspects, can further construct upon morality and cause others to be exceedingly altruistic and generous, and that is conceded by capital of Minnesota Bloom of Yale University, but it is not a formative agent. In his paper, Religion, godliness, Evolution, he accepts that religion can be a guiding influence on a positive path. However, he points out that it is by no delegacy the reason for morality, and that religion itself may just be an accident by which humans needed an answer to questions that they couldnt fathom without the help of a deity.Necessity dictates that there should be some rather fueled individuals on a topic as flammable as the topic of morality and religion. Speaking as an outsider looking in, I cannot very well use the words of Chris topher Hitchens, though I would love to dearly, because he was so against religion. While he was indeed logical in most of his claims, he was a self-described anti-theist, meaning that he was against a spectating deity who watched over all(prenominal) individual. Thus, his words would seem rather biased.However, Richard Dawkins, an evolutionary biologist, and Sam Harris, a known neuroscientist, are individuals who speak strictly through logical and provable means. Richard Dawkins make up the same point as Paul Bloom that religion is most likely an accident through evolution that was used as a possible answer to the worlds greatest questions, and Harris poses multiple conceivable points. The most relevant, though, is that if the bible were the only book in the world, it would be rational to use it as a basis for morality.However, because the bible is not the only book in the world and society is far more polish now than it was when the bible was conceived, it is reasonable to as sume that the bible is not the shell book for building a moral compass. To end on a rather short note, there are few, if any, scientific studies arguing that religion is the factory that builds moral compasses. However, there are studies being conducted which follow Pyssiainens and Hausers and should end up corroborating their finds that morality works independently of religious constructs and confines.Thus, it is both rational and reasonable to assume that, after looking through history at the reasons for extreme wrongdoings and the social situations that facilitated them, and the evidence against opposing claims, morality is indeed intrinsic to our human nature and that it is simply augmented by outside forces, such as good religion. References Bloom, Paul, Religion, Morality, Evolution (January 2012). Annual recapitulation of Psychology, Vol. 63, pp. 179-199, 2012. Available at SSRN http//ssrn. com/abstract=1982949 or http//dx. doi. org/10. 1146/annurev-psych-120710-100334 Cell Press (2010, February 9).Morality research sheds light on the origins of religion. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 12, 2013, from http//www. sciencedaily. com /releases/2010/02/100208123625. htm Harris, Sam. Letter to a Christian Nation. New York Random House, Print. Harris, Sam. The End of Faith Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason. New York W. W. Norton, Print. Pyysiainen, Hauser et al. The origins of religion Q1 evolved adaptation or by-product? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, February 8, 2010 The Nature of Morality and Moral Theories. Morality and Moral Theories. University of San Diego. Web. 12 May 2013. .

Acadamic Misconduct

schoolman misconduct is described as pedantic truth violation for the unfair improvement of matchlessself or unfair schoolman advantage or disadvantage to opposites in academic commwholey, academic misconduct corporation be a plagiarism, cheating, and collusion but not limited. The other academic misconduct activities much(prenominal) as not obeying academic staff directions regarding assessments and sort work submissions, falsifying reports, having/spreading examination materials without building block teacher permission, arranging someone to do assessment work all these included as academic misconduct.If an allegation arises towards a assimilator and if its proven in an investigation then learner has to face penalties under school-age child academic misconduct polity. In this essay we spillage to discuss in instruct about plagiarism, cheating, collusion and academic misconduct adjectival deal depending on minor or square misconduct when allegations arise and ap peal for the assimilator.As per UWS policy Plagiarism is defined as an act of presenting material as ones give birth without appropriate acknowledgement that constitutes plagiarism, not the intension of the bookman when doing so, for example when student submits work in which words or ideas are presented as their own as intentional or unwitting without proper acknowledgment of the original author such as website, other students work, lecture, journal article or book.Cheating is described as both search to give or obtain assistance in a starchy academic exercise such as examination, without due acknowledgment such as speaking to other students during examination, carrying any information materials such as textbooks, using electronics devices such as mobile, Blueas wellth any other items which are veto by examination executive program. Collusion is where two or more(prenominal) mess engage in plagiarism, cheating or encourage others to do so.According to UWS Academic miscondu ct policy at that place are Minor misconduct and secure misconduct. A Minor misconduct is determine by the university as a minimal menace to integrity of the student assessment in authorship such as lack of referencing or academic requirements. A substantial misconduct is determine by the university as a major threat to integrity such as, when a student repeats minor misconduct activities intentionally, any allegations in the examination and any allegations related to collusion.In the process of investigating the allegations building block teacher, social unit coordinator, Dean, school academic committal and student academic committee exit be involved. in the first stage of Investigation process and hearing of academic misconduct, If unit teacher or examination supervisor believe that there is any academic misconduct happened, and they have cause or reasons to support, teacher of the unit will report to unit coordinator with germane(predicate) documentation by signed rep roduction or email, then with in five working old age unit coordinator will send copy of allegation to the Dean.The doyen, will advise unit coordinator to do investigation, and then unit coordinator and unit teacher decides to do further investigation, unit teacher will notify the student and invite for see in writing by post and email. Student mint attend clash with fellow student or university academic staff member or a student welfare officer. Meeting will be organised between 8 15 working old age after on invitation letter assassinate date. Student must respond to the invitation with in s rase working days date of despatch whether he / she will attend the meeting or not.The finality will be made on the allegation even in the student absence. If unit coordinator decides that the allegation is not substantial he / she will dismiss it. Other penalties like refer to academic counselling, student require to re-submit assessment task after re-submission unit coordinator makes a decision on the label and grades student may get zero marks. If the unit coordinator determine its substantial he/ she will be referred to relevant dean for decision.After going through all the process as discussed earlier in which case the unit coordinator will send the invitation letter to student for meeting with dean. After meeting if dean decides its not substantial dean will dismiss the allegation. When dean decides the allegations substantial then dean butt penalise student such as recommend to counselling, ask for re-submission of work, if unavoidable student has to sit for exam again, dean will decide marks and grades. If dean judges that the allegation very substantial or too serious then dean refers that allegation to SAC (student academic committee).After going all the process as discussed above, student will have meeting with SAC members. After meeting if SAC decides if allegation are unfeigned it will take any action of dean penalties or cabal of them, or suspend the student from university minimum period of 6months not more than 12 months, or dismiss the student for minimum of 12 months not more than 24 months in this case student has to apply for readmission or SAC can suspend the student permanently from the university.A student can appeal against the unit coordinators decision when student considers that the decision was made against the procedural fairness or when student not agreeing with allegations or when student considers that there is a substantial new evidence which was not available antecedently to unit coordinator or when student considers the penalty imposed by unit coordinator was too severe. Student must appeal within 15 days with evidence in writing to dean from the date of the letter advising of unit coordinators decision.It is the responsibility of every student to respect and obey the policy of UWS for academic misconduct to maintain academic integrity among academic community, when allegations were proven the student h as to face severe penalties imposed by university academic committee anyways the appeal options for student, The best option for students is to work hard on their own and get help when needed from academic teachers before submitting any academic work.

Families in a Modern Society-Victorians

mincing Times- 1837-1901 What do prudish times mean? straightlaced times means during Victorias rule. The time Queen Victoria was on the throne. She govern for 64 years. What was it like living in the Victorian times? thither was no electricity, insteatimed gas lamps or candles were used for light. There were no cars. People walked, travelled by boat or train or used coach horses to move from place to place. Why argon the Victorians so famous? Britain managed to build a commodious empire during the Victorian period. It was overly a time of tremendous change in the do its of British lot.In 1837 approxim consumely people lived in villages and casted on the land by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories. During Queen Victorias reign Britain became the most powerful and richest country in the world, with the largest empire that had ever existed, ruling a quarter of the worlds population. Towns and cities got piped water, gas and, by the end of the degree centigrade, electricity The number of people living in Britain more(prenominal) than doubled from 16 million to 37 million, causing a huge demand for food, clothes and housing. Factories and machines were reinforced to meet this demand and new towns grew up, changing the landscape and the ways people lived and worked. Railways, originally built to transport honorables, meant people could travel easily around the country for the first time. Railways brought new foods to towns and cities. many a(prenominal) households had a servant or servants in 1891, 2 million servants were record in the census Seaside holidays were invented (became popular). Police Force invented. New cookers and gadgets for the pedestal were invented.What was Family life like during the Victorian times? Your quality of life during the Victorian times depended on whether you were rich or poor. Rich Victorians enjoyed a good and easy life vile Victorians had a rough and hard life, often ending up in the workhouse or early death. How many children did a average Victorian family gestate? Families were ordinarily large in 1870 many families had five or six children. Victorian Children Life was not the kindred for all children during the Victorian times. The kind of life a child had in the Victorian times depended on its family.Children from working class families had few luxuries, ate poor food, worked long hours lived in damp, filthy conditions, many children died of disease. Children from rich families usually well fed, clean and well clothed, didnt need to work, went on holidays, had valuable toys, and had pets such as ponies. What did child call his/her father? They called their fathers sir Each penis of the family had their own role and children were taught to know their place and be seen and not heard. religious belief Region was very important to the Victorians.A large number of people went to church, at least once and probably twice, every Sunday. Food At the star ting time of the Victorian period, people relied on the foods that were in season and unattached topically or those which had been pickled or preserved. Later, when the railways were built, many new fresh foods were available. The subterfuge of the steam ship, and of transport refrigeration, meant that also meat, fish and fruit could be import from overseas quite cheaply.There were no fridges and freezes in the homes to keep food for a long time, so meals were limited by small shops. Clothing Victorian people dressed appropriately to their age, and position in society Toys Poor families made their own, such as cloth-peg dolls and paper windmills. Rich Children Girls played with dolls and tea sets whilst boys played with toy soldiers and marbles. Housing Most cities and towns were not prepared for the great increase of people looking for accommodation to live near their work place.There was a shortage of houses so many people had to share a room in other peoples houses. Rooms were rented to self-colored families or perhaps several families. Often ten or xii people shared one room. If there were no retinue to rent, people stayed in lodging houses. Many factory owners built houses for their workers near their factories. The houses were built close together really quickly and cheaply. These houses often had two rooms downstairs and two rooms upstairs. They were not really big ample for the large families people tended to nominate during the Victorian time.The houses also did not fox running water and toilets. Up to 100 houses had to share an outdoor center to get their water and share an outside toilet. To make things worse, the water from the handle was often polluted. twenty-first century The 21st century is the current century (today) What is it like living in the 21st century times? We live in an exciting time. Never before in the history are there so many resources available for individuals. Never before in the history are there so many opportunitie s for us. Here, in the 21st century, lack of resources or opportunities is no longer a problem.The problem is how to memorize advantage of them We now have electricity, instead of gas lamps or candles. We have gas central fomenting for instant hot water and heat at the touch of a button. We have cars and public transport, people rarely walk. What is Family life like during the 21st century times? A assortment of different families in the modern society defines the 21st century life. virtuoso parent families, dysfunctional families, traditional families, nuclear families and reconstituted families. How many children are normal for the 21st century family have? Families of the 21st Century come in all shapes and sizes.Divorce, remarriage, parenting out-of-wedlock and a host of other variables have turned nuclear families into the exception rather than the norm. 21st Century Children The twenty-first century is know for its cool gadgets and gizmos MP3 Players, iPhones, DVDs. The su rge in Internet use and social networking. From Facebook to My space, everyone is online, and attraction up with other likeminded individuals from all over the planet. Another important scientific phenomenon is the widespread use of wireless technology. Children have many luxuries, eat well, do not work, go on holidays, have expensive toys, many have pets.Children live in clean, humane conditions have vaccinations and medicines to protect against disease. Laws are in place to protect the health and safety of children. Food Improving peoples health through healthy foods available 24-7 from supermarkets where everything is provided and available. Local shops are also available and Take always and cafes etc. For eating out. Clothing Ready to break out industry, expensive and unique fashion styles. Housing Housing is now provided by the local council for you and your family, sharing with other families and overcrowding is against the law.

Logic on a New Level Essay

In 1995, a talk show host, by the name of charge Limbaugh was quoted while responding to a theme article written about a study completed by the NCEA (National Center for Economic Alternatives). According to this newspaper article, the study done by the NCEA claimed that Ameri evoke farmers use chemical fertilizers, and that referable to our large economy, small businesses, and families, America is a waste generating country. Therefore, the purpose of this canvass is to analyze the logic of flush Limbaughs speech, given to argue against this study.In the first segment of flocks speech he refers to the NCEA as environmentalist wackos which is a common fallacy made throughout his statement. This is referred to as a tu quoque fallacy, which shows that still because you are connected with a certain convocation of large number does not mean you apply to commonly used stereotypes. The NCEA whitethorn have done a study relating to the environment but that doesnt mean they are enviro nmentalists. When pot refers to the NCEA as wackos, this is attacking personal office that is not directly relevant to the issue at hand, this fallacy is contend as ad hominem.Rush argues with the study, by first defending American farmers and exploiting the fact that farmers never receive praise for feeding the world. We can close down two fallacies from this accusation, one universe over-generalizing( using such words as never can easily be proven wrong) and ignoratio elenchi, which is an irrelevant response. feeding the world and using chemical fertilizers are two different topics that cannot be compared logically. If you consider the statement closely you will also know that farmers do receive praise, their paycheck is the reward.When the NCEA concluded their study, they stated that America was waste generating. Rush attacked the NCEA for not considering our economy a beckon of hope. He argued that people from all around the world want to come to America. This is again a i gnoratio fallacy because it is simply irrelevant information. Rush is also attempting to appeal to a certain popular prejudice, he stated American families have worked generations for a high standard of living, no theyre not held up for praise. No Instead theyre all trashed. This statement is an ad populum fallacy, because he is appealing to a certain group without any connection to America beingness a waste generating society.He continues on during his speech to sarcastically paint a picture that the NCEA would rather us give up our technology and live to a greater extent like the Soviets. This is an ad poplum statement appealing to people that fear communism. Rush is attacking the personal character of Soviets, which is ad hominem and he is committing a tu quoque, which is stating that just because someone is a Soviet does not make them primitive. This statement can be simply concluded as a ignoratio statement and a slippery slope(just because one event takes place does n ot place any connection to another event) because it is completely irrelevant to America and its waste.In Rushs conclusion he tells the environmentalist wackos to shut up and bankrupt speaking their opinion. Rush is familiar of the rights of every American, their freedom of speech, and is violating other peoples views and is being unconstitutional. Rush thinks that by shutting up the environmentalists and asking them to turn to more constructive work like himself, he will eliminate the problem. This is a straw-man fallacy, because he is twisting the issue around.After learning about fallacies and at that place use in proving someone to be illogical, I have opinionated that Rush Limbaugh has a very biest view point and does not continuously use the correct solutions for a problem. He comes across like a very strong assertive person with a convincing rock but does not use logic to strengthen his beliefs.

Leading professional development

Analyze the extent to which the come along relates to an arrangemental context kn declare to you. The abstract I grant selected for re cypher and analysis, with about relevance to my own schoolmaster evolution and on that pointfore is of nearly contest to me is that of Lyndon &038king shtup a single, short continuing headmaster discipline store cause change in the schoolroom ?This article refocuses prudence on the classroom, specifically on the importance of teacher Professional discipline in enhancing and changing teachers know leadge and acquirements in ways that lead to emolument in scholarly person performance. It is based on research carried out for SEES contemplate into how far is short continuing lord knowledge is effective?The exhibit success of the SEES stumper of short, single stores in bringing about permanent change in practice is noteworthy, given the emphasis in the writings that strong-armer can only be effective if it is sustained is d elivered by a closely-trained quit forr, inside a well- incorporate officiateshop that provides opportunities for exploration, practice and peer feedback. Providing a factual framework discussed by numerous educational researchers, Lyndon and king fit the context, content, and process of effective and high- tone teacher master copy organic evolution.Years ago, I have checkicipated with many short and long PDP workshop at 2 schools in which I was a teacher . And to be objective few workshop gave me opportunities to baffle and practice hot skills over relatively extended eroded of time, and it provided an nonp aril environment for inter natural process with other colleagues . While many other workshop stopped short of producing their intended results they pointed out problems with traditional teaching method only offered smaller help in changing what happens in the classroom and provided no opportunities for us to practice what we construet.So the problem was not the lack of headmaster victimisation activities or whether they ar short or long ,to the contrary headmaster festering for teachers has been involved in every major endeavor designed to improve student performance. The problem is that the quality of those programs has been inconsistent. Nevertheless, many like Joanne- in the group tutor would agree with Erratas typology session 10 that the desktop of professional ramp upment is wider that simply the measurements of results, out accrues and standards, and on that pointfore suggests CAP which is encompassing of other dimensions should be considered Anyone,2013).On the other hands Stephanie had to admit that there was in most of the attended CAP a great deal of scope for face-to-face phylogeny, team up working, developing greater awareness/understanding and developing problem solve skills. However in order for the school to Justify the resources it is expending, he sees that there must be at least some organizational benefi ts also (Stephanie, 2013) I agree with Lyndon &038king that Professional development can follow only in settings, or contexts, that uphold it .And this comport must come from administrators. Drawing on the case studied in this article (short workshop for science department in many schools designed by the worldly concern science education unit) it shows that one of the finding outcomes of professional development initiative is depended ultimately on the factor whether its administrators consider it authorized. For this reason, buy-in on the part of administrators (whether give in directors, superintendents, or principals) is critical to success (McLaughlin &038 Marsh, 1978).Leaders can commence decisions about professional development with intellectual rigor and discipline or give them a cursory treatment as an afterthought to more than pressing matters. Likewise, their decisions may be implemented with attention to quality and serious reflection on their force or haphaza rdly executed with a sense of discharging an sulfurous responsibility. Those are the choices leaders face each time they meet to curriculum professional development. Harebell,2003) I believe that Short or long workshop is not an reddent, it is a process (Harebell, 2003). By process I mean value the innovation in the sense of having an adequate theory base introducing methods for which there is evidence of effectiveness being supported with appropriate high quality materials. And that the PDP program sometimes postulates to be of sufficient length and military posture uses methods which reflect the teaching methods being introduced includes provision for in school coaching (Dade ,2004).By the process I mean that the teachers should work in group to get by experiences communicate effectively amongst themselves about the innovation should be given an opportunity to develop a sense of ownership in the innovation and be supported in questioning their beliefs about teaching and discipline and heavy(a) them opportunity for practice and reflection( Dade,2004).By process I mean the knowledge or awareness, changes in attitude, development of skill, and transfer of training and executive control which are commanded to maximize the chances of CAP leading to change in the classroom Joyce and Showers, 1988) In y point of view , CAP is an opportunity to learn new strategies for teaching to rigorous standards ,and it is not a matter whether the CAP is long or short ,as long as it has this four criteria a clear focus on instruction and learners, an emphasis on several(prenominal) and organizational change, small changes guided by a grand vision, and current professional development that is procedurally embedded ( Gushes ,2000) in addition to Andy different factors and principles keep landed ahead agree with Lyndon that all these elements bring to be present if it is to have meeting in the lassoer for the benefit of every student. Art 2 Critically analyses an approach to leading professional development you have identified in your work on Theme 3, use at least two ideas selected from the list below. Professional identity and values Professional learning communities/networks Informal learning Mentoring/coaching Developing capacity Whole team/organizational development Forms of professional development Professional development for individuals Power and gloss in organizations Professional development contexts Leading PDP is of great importance in the conduct of schools, it contributes directly and indirectly to professional and personal development for provide and to the emolument in teaching and learning.Harris reminds us that managing human beings knowledge is a critical dimension of organizational survival (Harris, 2001). So it is important that the leader of professional development enables knowledge development by whatever means is appropriate. Professional development is a complex endeavor. Understanding its elements, master ing its implementation and considering its impacts involve repeated reflection and analysis. Although it is possible to identify elements and factors that affect professional development is important to hold on to the issue of their interrelationship in conditions of development. many an(prenominal) researchers suggest links to individual and organizational issues and trances for the leader of professional development.These include individual professional identities and values organizational vision, culture and targets the means, avail capacity and availableness of professional development the role of communities of practice and networking both formal and intimate means of development the influence of the nature and context of organizations the influence of peers, mentors and coaches professional teaching and training expectations While these themes can all contribute to professional development leadership, they do so in different ways. In this part I will analyze how organizat ions context, violence and culture contribute to PDP A considerable literature has emerged in recent years concerning the relationship amid organizations and learning. Many questions have arisen about how organizational arrangements enhance or capture the ability of their members (whether viewed individually or as groups) to learn? And to what degree are individuals learning experiences determined by the ways in which opportunities are structured?Examining the role of organization context may enhance our understanding about these questions. The complexity of the educational professional development context lies in the scope of cultural understandings, factors and influences, which all play a part (Theme 3 fragment 10). The key is the extent that organization can conduce to the changes that the professional development is designed to bring about. Before change can take behind there must be a share sense of need for change-?the more strongly and widely felt the better. Lack of o rganization support and change can sabotage any professional placement effort, even when all the individual aspects of professional development are done right.And where staff development opportunities are poorly conceptualized, insensitive to the concerns of individual participants and desexualise little effort to relate learning experiences to workplace conditions, they make little impact upon teachers or their pupils (Day, 1999) In addition the decisions taken about the structure and performance of the organization, and the design of work in spite of appearance it, are of fundamental importance in influencing the extent to which individuals can participate in the process of learning (Gaston, 2004). We have to focus on the conditions that organization creates for its members to engage effectively with learning. As stain states Workplace readiness was central to the quality of learning experiences. Readiness is more than the preparedness for guided learning to proceed. It also includes the norms and work practices that constitute the invitational qualities for individuals to participate in and learn through work. Such factors may influence individual learning in a number of ways.They may provide approach path to knowledge or information they may facilitate union in activities with learning attention they may provide support and charge to help make learning effective and they may reward learning activities and outcomes (Billet, 2001) On the other hand, a full analysis of leading professional development requires an investigation of power . The inclusion of an analysis of power indoors educational change is vital because power legitimates and drives change. A post morphological views of power rests of three core principles (l)power is not restricted to a master few but circulates within school affecting all its members(2)power relies on language and discourse to instruct its truths(3)individuals perceive who they are via discourses of truth (Halyards and Leonard,2001). So what is important is the strong relationship between structure and agency in the workplace .And this can provide learning opportunity through Involving familiarity in communities of practice, especially opening up opportunities for learning through pitiable beyond a tightly situated and context bound approach to participation Involving work organization and Job design, especially the creation of environments which allot for substantial horizontal cross- boundary activity, dialogue and problem-solving. Emphasizing the importance of access to knowledge-based qualifications and off-the-Job learning. ( Fuller and Union , 2004) there is an increasing recognition of the importance of culture in designing leadership developments programs (study guide ,IPPP) Good seeds grow in strong cultures . Understanding the schools culture ,therefore, is an essential prerequisite for any knowledgeable and external change agent.Organizations should open up space for generating shared meaning, reconstituting power relations to broaden access to knowledge and provide cultural tools to meddle learning. The basal essence of organization s culture is the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization , that operate unconsciously ,and that fructify in a basic taken for granted fashion an organizations view of itself and its environment (Sheen . 1985) Stool and finks see Cultural norms _ such as shared goals responsibility for success collegiality continuous improvement lifelong learning support mutual consider risk taking openness celebration and conceit -are the unspoken rules for what is regarded as customary or acceptable behavior and action with shape reaction in the school( Stool,1999) .These norms shape reactions to imposed improvement. It is therefore, important for those working in schools to understand their norms because the acceptance of improvement projects by a school depends on the fit between the norms embedded in the changes and those within the schools own culture (Carson,1996). To be effective these cultures norms need to be reflected in strategies that enabled their rudimentary values to be translated into genuine engagement of all staff. The norm collegiality most likely seen to lead to improvement. Example of collegiality includes team teaching, mentoring, action research, peer coaching, plan and mutual observation and feedback.These derive their strength from the creation of greater interdependence, embodied commitment, shared responsibility, and perhaps most important, greater readiness to participate in the difficult business of review and critique (Fallen and Harvests 1991). This culture will allow teachers to focus upon their own learning, career and promotion ambitions and to consider new responsibilities within their own school context. The assumption is that this will lead to an improved and raise sense of professionalism for teachers, plus an increased mot ivation to stay within the profession. With the superfluous benefits that come with familiarity of context. A supportive, blame-free environment that encourages and facilitates professional dialogue, and provides opportunities to extend and experiment with new practice can further the benefits of peer collaboration and support (Errata, 2001).To sum up, contexts and cultures may not Just provide or close down opportunity it may also influence the ability and willingness of individuals to exercise personal agency in pursuit of developmental goals (Billet, 2001). As Stool say real improvement cannot come from anywhere other than within schools themselves and within is a complex web of values and beliefs, norms, social and power relationships and emotions . ever-changing schools is not Just about changing curricula ,teaching and learning strategies , opinion structures and roles and responsibilities . It requires an understanding of and respect for the different meaning and interpreta tions people bring to educational initiatives ,and the nurturing of the garden within which new ideas can bloom( Stool. 1999) part 3 Evaluate the effectiveness or potential for effectiveness of leading professional development in an organization or team known to you. In your evaluation you will need to define the sense(s) in which you are defining effectiveness. You may consider changes in the development of individuals organizational capacity and capability Capability and changes in student and/or staff learning and links to goals or targets. Finally make recommendations for developments drawing on your practice, the ideas and the materials from Theme 3 In this part I will examine the effectiveness of leading and implementing curriculum innovation using CIT ,which took place in a Lebanese primary school.My definition of the term effectiveness is when an appropriate professional development provision is successfully matched to finical professional needs. The curriculum implementati on required the use of high levels of skill in all of the key areas of leadership including strategy development and implementation, human resource management, teaching and learning, financial management, accountability, and liaison with key stakeholders and the community. Effectively led curriculum innovation, in our school, did improve standards of achievement and increase dents enjoyment and engagement in learning which the focus of all the staffs efforts was.After the long term assessment of CIT use in the classroom, as a teacher I can confirmed that this professional development had deepened our teachers knowledge of the subjects being taught sharpened teaching skills in the classroom kept up with developments in the individual fields, and in education generally generated and contributed new knowledge to the profession Increased the ability to monitor students work, in order to provide constructive feedback to students and appropriately send teaching. From (The National Commis sion on Mathematics and Science Teaching for the twenty-first Century, 2000) In addition the sense of community, and the supportive coaching, and the follow up that was provided by the school leaders,-especially during the early phases of implementation when most problems is usually encountered- helped me and my colleagues to develop and maintain a sense of efficacy regarding new teaching strategies (Showers, Joyce, &038 Bennett, 1987).It was the collaborative and sustained and a blame free environment that encouraged us with opportunities for discussion and exploration with colleagues, ND provided opportunities to extend and experiment with new practice. observe and assessments were important steps were taken to track progress across thematic as well as subject- based curricula. In Such a way we were able to identify failing and vulnerable children, as well as giving leaders and teachers a detailed understanding of what they need to do at the end of each Key Stage in order ensure progress. In addition, the well-developed assessment systems provided accessible and user- friendly information to help teachers advance within-year progress . III these elements laded a key roles in the effectiveness of leading curriculum innovation.Recommendations I agree with Levine that CAP should no longer be comprised solely of short courses teachers need opportunities to reflect, engage in professional dialogue, work with pupils, and engage in peer observation, coaching and feedback (Levine, 1999) And I agree with Sparks and Hirsch, who recommend the following national professional development model for teachers Create learning schools in which all staff is involved in sustained, rigorous study of what they teach and how they teach it. Provide time for teacher professional development equaling 25 percent of time during each solar day for teachers to work together and to collaboratively plan lessons and share information. Base professional development on the collaboration m odel-?teachers learning from each other.

Major causes of French Revolution Essay

Introduction cut change was the period that stirred the imagination of Europeans, both participants and observers sensed that they were living in a pivotal age. There were many causes that lead to the French renewing, exclusively the primary cause was the social structure and others were maladministration, financial disorder, enlightenments, and interference in the Ameri apprize war of independence and poverty. This essay is going to focus to a greater extent on these factors. Social structurePrimary cause of the French Revolution was social structure. The old Regime refers to the measures of governance based on Monarchy/ might and whose powers was despotic call authority vested on the Monarchy. During despotism the French fiat divided into three acress, the first estate, scrap estate, and the deuce-ace estate. The first estates were the clergy and priests, the secondment estate were the nobilities or nobles, and the third state were the bourgeoisie, urban labours and peasant s. The first estate or the clergy were enjoying privileges and the clergy did not pay tax instead determined the amount. The second estate enjoyed some privileges, they owned between one-quarter and one third of the land. The third estate were not enjoying any privileges, however, its success depended on the support prone by the rest of the third estate. There was a vast distinction which cause the problem.ENLIGHTENMENTIn general, it can be said that there is no instrumental relationship between the philosophers of the understanding and the outbreak of the French Revolution. Writtings of the Philosophers influenced French society. Few philosophers, if any, advocated revolution and the reason is fairly clear. No philosopher advocated the violent mental unsoundness of the existing order of things because violence was contrary to human reason. But because the philosophes of the Enlightenment attacked the established order together with authority of any kind, their ideas helped to p roduce what can only be cal lead a revolutionary mentality. intimately people used the work of philosophers to Question the French society using the ideas of philosophers as to assay reformsINTERFERENCE IN AMERICAN WARSMonarchy waged wars on other European countries including America, assisting in American war of independence. These wars shattered the economy of the state. Consequently, the state was either suffering or bankrupt The American war of independence cost France a lot while the boorish already had a huge debt. As it became bankrupt it demanded heavy taxation on peasants and peasants realized that it was time to puzzle actionMALADMINISTRATIONFrance had no Parliament. However, the country did have an Estates General which was a semi-representative institution. The management the French administered the country was through an overstuffed bureaucratism of officials. By 1750, the bureaucracy had overgrown itself it was large, corrupt and inefficient. Too many officials had bought and sold their offices over the years. This led to corruption and over taxation. France had no single, unified system of law. Each portion determined its own laws based on the rule of the local Parliament. or so govt official were characterized by incompetency and inefficiency, There was corruption in the govtMost officials had earned their positions in the govt through bribery, no qualification or talent, or competency to provide good governanceFINANCESBy 1789, France was bankrupt. The country could no longer pay its debts, debts that were all the result of war. One ensample says a great deal about this situation. By 1789, France was still salaried off debts incurred by the wars of Louis XIV, that is, wars of the late 17th and early 18th century. Furthermore, a number of social groups and institutions did not pay taxes of any kind. Many universities were discharge from taxation as were the thirteen Parliaments, cites like Paris, the Church and the clergy, aristocrac y and many members of the bourgeoisie.POVERTYPoverty was first caused by King Louis XIV because he had entered many wars and spent most of Frances gold on Versailles. other cause was King Louis XVI who sent out troops and money to help out in their American revolution. Marry Antoinettes shower down living also contributed to poverty. Peasants were starving.This led to bread riots and protests in ParisThat led revolutionary actions of July 1789 the Tennis Court Oath and the declaration of the National host/ Constituent Assembly- 1791the Storming of the Bastille and the great march to Versailles France declared a Republic the resolving of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Reforms introduced and constituted on the ideals of the Enlightened Philosophies.

Daewoo General Motors International Case Essay

Q 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a hands-off, decentralized focussing approach?Advantages of decentralizationDecentralization will non work unless you sincerely delegate both responsibility and endorsement. This means that the final decisions must be made at that abase level. You just cant jam a decentralized system. It gets decisions closest to the level where the action really is. And it really does something for people. The executives are at a term essentially running line of descent of their own. The companyhas confirmed their authority by making it very clear it will non allow people dissatisfied with their decisions jump over to the home office. Finally, getting the decision-making push through of the home office creates something like a family feeling in the outlying(prenominal) location. People there begin to depend on each former(a).Disadvantages of DecentralizationThis means that the final decisions must be made at that lower level. Two things s tand in the way of this working. One isthat the people who now have the authority may not let go of it. The other is that the people at lower levels may not want to sham it. One of the problems, which decentralization aims to solve, is that the chief executive never has enough time to rally about the major problems affecting the future of the operation.Q2. How Can Daewoo full point Competitive with the Japanese ? motorcar industry is important to developing countries is this intensifier linkage. Most of developing countries selected auto industry as one of the summit elements for launching industrialization in the country. An independent auto maker and to be worldwide pop off ten as in Daewoos enormous range plan, with 3.5 million production indomestic (3.0 million) as well as in overseas plants (2.5 million) could not achieved without the achiever of globalisation.The leadership in domestic commercialize might be another important factor. Korean auto makers including Dae woo has tomeet the challenges from the Japanese auto industry in domestic merchandise from the beginning 2012. The severecompetition in world auto industry induces the forecasting that only global top ten auto makers could survive in near future. We need much time to see whether or not Daewoo could meet the success the globalization and how Korean car maker, Daewoo could getover the manifolds challenges to be a global auto maker & amp key to success is the policy of Globalization.Q.3 . What were some of the controllable and uncontrollable factors in this case? How should Mr. Kim have responded to those factors?Controllable factors Kim deserves the most credit for the pudding stone sign success and responsibility for its ultimate failure Despite Daewoos initial achievements, the financial crisis fully exposed the weakness of its concentrated governancestructure. The concentration in decision-making power proved fatal when the conglomerate faced a crisis and Kims busines s acumen, ethics and principles faltered. Returning to its roots, Kim viewed the crisis as an opportunity for Daewoo to expand, not retrench, by acquiring distressed companies and turning them around. Kims autocratic control yet centralized and decision-making suffered as a result of a generation transplant of his closest advisors. Kim had personally recruited many of these senior executives and they had grown together with the conglomerate expansion Until the mid-1990s, the key executives that surrounded Kim consisted of those that had been with him since Daewoos establishment.Uncontrollable factorsThe representative directors, boards of directors and statutory auditors of Korean conglomerates failed to fulfill their role as fiduciaries working on behalf of the interests of shareholders at large. They did not prevent controlling shareholders from taking advantage of non-controlling shareholders and other stakeholders as a result. Non-executive outside directors did not exist unti l they were required in 1998. This diminished potential checks and balances against the controlling shareholder Weak corporate governance of conglomerates and their ample network of companies had a devastating effect when the1997 financial crisis hit.Q4. What do you count of Daewoo Expansion into Europe? What are the advantages and risks for the company?AdvantagesDaewoos currently at the crossroads of its European expansion in the elevator car market. GM Daewoo has been self-made in managing to market essentially the same cars in many move of the world, particularly in the NorthAmerican and Japanese markets. Executives are wondering whether they should adopt more localized product level opment in Europe or not. attemptThe rebranding comes as GM seeks to make a comeback in the global auto market, after having been hit by the global financial crisis, complete the worlds biggest-ever initial public offering in November. Its reciprocal ohm Korean unit said that itwill drop the b adge GM Daewoo, relentless by negative publicity stemming from bankrupt South Korean automaker Daewoo Motor acquired by GM in the early 2000s. It will realize the Chevrolet brand for all of its new products this year. The company name GM Daewoo Auto & Technology Co will besides be replaced by GM Korea Company in the first quarter.Q 5. Why do you think GM acquired the company, while Ford did not?In November 2000, the Korean administration officially announced Daewoos bankruptcy and its assets were put on sale. Amid controversies and well a year of negotiations with the Korean government, GM signed a preliminaryagreement in September 2001 to buy Daewoos assets for $1.2 billion.Reason why ford did not acquired DaewooFord pulled out of its planned $7bn (5bn) takeover of Daewoo Motor, the struggling South Korean car maker, daysbefore a deal was due to be signed.Company said that it had not been possible to agree on proposals which were in the interest of both companies and its w ith drawal was a business decision.Ford, which has been conducting diligent inquiries, had sought to reduce its original $7bn supply ship to about $ 5bn to reflectdeterioration in Daewoo Motors assets.Daewoos creditors estimated in that the themes motor business had liabilities of $16.4bn, against assets of $ 10bn and as because company feels that Its a costly decision and at that time in 2000 Ford also suffering for its near bottom share prices.Q.6 What problems can GM-Daewoo expect in the future?GM prevalent Motors like many multinational automobile manufactures has made the decision to excel in many researchand development operations Although the countries relatively new political stage, increasingly stable economy and meliorate infrastructure has presented unique opportunities for increased foreign direct investment conducting business for the, quiet presents a number of unique challenges.General Motors was not the first or the last automobile manufacture to enter into glob al automobile market presenting the unique challenge of overcoming the unique conditions of global business practices while still maintaining competitive advantage.Lowered tariffs for automanufactures has cause an influx of assembly operations from nearly all the major automobile manufactures However unlike its competitors, General Motors General Motors has learned how to carefully and effectively conduct business.General Motors success with its joint venture agreements and research developments has even led them to into putthem global perspective.