Key Communication Issues Of Interracial Relationships Cultural Studies Essay

Key Communication Issues Of Interracial Relationships Cultural Studies turn outWhat atomic number 18 round find discourse issues of interracial friendships?Interracial friendships provide a context of equality in which intergroup differences whitethorn be addressed to reduce prejudice and competitiveness. Measures of the extent of interracial friendships also shine the state of function relations in a society, capturing the positive feelings between group members rather than the minus senti ment so often emphasized in studies of racial attitudes. When friendships cut across racial lines, they personify a form of bonding capital and a form of bridging capital (Samovar Porter, 1994).There be about(prenominal) parley issues which arise in interracial friendships, and these may cause conference obstructions among friends (Samovar Porter, 1994). The first issue is language, and this may prove to be a discourse barrier if interracial friends do not adequately ascerta in for each one differents language. This may serve to affect the friendship, as they will not be able to sympathise each other. Another issue that may arise relates to flori subtlety. Differences in perception of refinement, especially if friends see issues from varied fancy menstruations, may be a barrier to intercourse. This issue is more pronounced when there ar congenital differences in religious views, by friends from different religions.Finally, differences in ideologies of perception of life between interracial friends may act as a barrier to effective dialogue. Some spate are conservative piece others are liberal, and when such friends are having conversation, this might degenerate into encounter due to different views and opinions. This happens if the friends are not accommodating the other person s opinions.2. What are approximately key communication issues of interracial romanticist consanguinitys?Although interracial and intercultural romantic relation ships have been present throughout history, they have rarely been culturally encouraged or even accepted. In fact, these relationships have often been prohibited. Ultimately, however, an increase in racial and/or ethnic qualify within the United States should cause a corresponding increase in interracial and intercultural dating and marriage, at last promoting greater acceptance of these relationships (Gudykunst Kim, 1992).There are several communication issues which arise in interracial relationships , and these may cause scraps among couples (Gudykunst Kim, 1992). Similar to interracial friendships , language give the bounce prove to be a communication barrier if interracial couples do not adequately understand each others language . They may be ineffectual to communicate effectively , and this may harm their relationship . Similarly , differences in perception of culture may be another communication issue in interracial romantic relationships.Although many communication iss ues are the same across all romantic relationships, these relationship must also contend with issues of discrimination and identity. In interracial romantic relationships, the partners are aware of social disapproval. In some instances they are alienated from friends and families. They are required to consider social and historical forces concerning race and sexual identity in ways that other couples are not. Their communication behaviors reflect these concerns.Romantic relationships and the communication that occurs within them vary widely. Cultural scripts guide how people conduct conversations in romantic relationships, too. The factors include individual differences like love style and the degree of guarantor or certainty about the relationship, as well as contextual considerations like geographic exceed and social sanctions.3. How can computer mediated communication (CMC) can both facilitate and hinder intercultural relationships?Computer-mediated communication (CMC) refers to human-human interaction via the computer. Some of the hot applications of CMC are email, instant messaging (IM), chat rooms, bulletin boards, and newsgroups. Compared to face-to-face (FtF) communication, CMC liberates communicators from the acquire to be physically co-present and thus from the consequent influence of nonverbal cues. Although some theorists and researchers argue that CMC-based intercultural relationships cannot be as rich as those formed in FtF encounters, others have identified ways in which CMC can in reality increase intimacy among intercultural relationships.Research findings suggest that under Computer-mediated communication (CMC), intercultural contact can lead to bring down prejudice and positive attitude change (Klak Martin, 2003 Rubin Lannutti, 2001). These kinds of discussion facilitate person to fully describe and sympathize the intercultural world and experiences in which they live.online discussions can provide a dialogic starting point for conne cting with persons lived experiences- their own and others. online discussions facilitate dialogic erudition is that they provide a comfortable venue in which people can explore controversial and/or ambivalent feelings about intercultural topics. People may not offer their true voices and experience on these issues in face-to-face discussions due to the fear of creating incommensurable or irreconcilable differences or because of a social sex appeal issue. However, the filtering out of nonverbal cues, not being able to see the reactions of others, or the identity characteristics (age, gender, race etc) that may hinder communication-makes every nonpareil feel more at ease.4. Define popular culture. public culture could be delimitate as sets of values, beliefs, trends or modes of symbolic expression readily available to and acknowledged by the masses (McCluskey, 2006). Popular culture is opposite from high culture which is widely accepted by high class and normally considered of gre at value and does not attempt to appeal the crowds attention. on the contrary, popular culture is wildly wish and propagated by the public, with the aim of attracting publics attention and making profits. As Williams (1976) expounded, popular means being seen from the point of view of the people rather than from those seeking favour or force out over them. In addition, popular culture is different from folk culture which is more ethnic and traditional while popular culture normally has nothing to do with outmoded and it only deals with what is in fashion.Popular culture was spread by commercialized need. The products from popular culture such as films, magazines and fashionable dress are all goods merchants use for profit-making. From this point of view, commercial destination is a distinct from other forms of culture among popular cultures identities.Since popular culture was born, an vital friend of it which is so-called mass media has been accompanying with it, including newsp apers, television, radio and internet. obviously, people have to use, at least one kind of mass media when they feel like learning news, searching something in the latest fad and retentiveness in touch with others. It infers that mass media is something like ligament and support of popular culture.Another characteristic of popular culture is that it is often adopted by young people, almost the monopoly of the youth. Consequently expressions of popular culture in terrene life are always exciting and fashionable, such as Hip-hop and Bungee jumping. Also, most enthusiasts of warm food, short text message and rock n music are youth. Young people bask themselves in popular culture with no doubts.5. How can cultural group faceals in popular culture forms influence intercultural communication?In the global arena, scholars have turned to the notions of cultural imperialism developed in mid-twenties in the critique of popular culture, especially U.S. domination of the resources and me dia market in the world and its implications on intercultural communication (Condon Yousef, 1975). These scholars believe that people are informed about other cultures from popular media and cultural products. The media theatricals of other cultures can be used to remove the misconceptions and stereotypes of other cultures.one of the incredible uses of popopular culture as medium of intercultural communication theory is hidden behind its own cultural icons. The cultural role-models, could be distinguish to be based on two types real and fictitious (Gudykunst Kim, 1992)Popular culture icons can penetrate in the cultural communication on a multi-ethnic multi-cultural level. The first level is the representation of the real life, success stories, of a fewer dozens of people who are incredibly blessed and through their work and dedication had managed to achieve an international fame and glory. The vast wealth that they had acquired in the growth is there just there to complement thei r stardom stature. Their real power, at lest in the context of pop-culture, is their ability to communicate and moreover to reach their followers through the world, a doglike army of supporters ready at all ages to spend parts of their often moderated in tot on products or memorabilia with which to add to the financial wealth of their role-models, celebrities of different status ex actresses musicians etc.The perfect example of the popular icons could be the one of the most controversial celebrities Madonna. She had undergone, different image transformation, form a boy-toy playgirl in the 80s through a flamboyant queer/gay culture supporter to a loving and down to cosmos mother in a matter of few decades. However, throughout all stages of her constant image change she had mange sharply to influence cultural change trough out the globe and to raise and promote and completed new ideas and social values.The role of the popular icons as a role models, should not been underestimated, as that power is by far the most useful tool which the pop culture posses as the means of intercultural communication.6. How does the media portray racialized others?Through media people are taught and reminded of their social position by all three kinds of representation-race, gender, ethnicity, and sexuality. Gender, race, and sexuality are all part of an interlinked system of representation that helps describe and define who has power in relationship to others. In this interlocking system, some are constructed as having power and dominance, and others are depicted as being ineffective and submissive, and sometimes subservient. The subordination of some is requisite for the empowerment of others. In this world of media representations, visible differences are highlighted and some time tryuated so as to clarify who has power and who does not. innocence comes to having meaning in relation to the representation of racialized others. As the late Ruth Frankenberg suggested, whitene ss is a product of negative difference people come to understand themselves as white through a process by which they know who they are by what they are not. Another way of saying this in relation to Asia and Asian Americans is that whiteness becomes meaningful when contrasted to Asianess. Whiteness is therefore a default racial identity, an identity that does not come from the inside so ofttimes as being define by what is not observed to be constitutive of the other.7. What are some recommendations to increase diversity in media, particularly according to gender, race, ethnicity, and physical ability?Historically, the media relied on stereotypes to attract the largest achievable audience, thus they reinforced rather than challenged the attitudes of society. The left maintains stereotypical depictions and coverage emphasizing minorities are problems that remain. Studies show African Americans and Hispanics are still more likely to believe the media are biased in their coverage of r ace and ethnicity than whites, supporting the notion the media are skewed right (Gonzalez et al., 2004).Native Americans are often portrayed as stoic warriors. News and entertainment coverage of Native Americans reinforces the notion that their cultures are almost dead, as menstruation issues are rarely addressed and they are often depicted in traditional garb. Asian men are most often depicted as martial arts experts, while Asian women fulfil from too-frequent portrayals as geishas.Women in all media are portrayed as being in relationships rather than careers and as seeking romance more frequently than male characters on television and in film in essence, the media stresses their domestic interests. The dominant ideology of gender coverage is patriarchal.Today, the representation of many minority groups in media carcass small for the population and representation of all groups remains somewhat inaccurate or restricted notwithstanding strides continue.8. What are the characteris tics of intercultural conflict?Intercultural conflict occurs because of an individuals lack of knowledge regarding external cultural norms and values. Neither of these individuals communicated effectively with each other and the messages conveyed were not as the communicator intended. This created a sense of vulnerability and frustration for both the parties involved (Jameson, 2007).The major characteristics of intercultural conflict are the following (1) conflict involves intercultural perceptionsperceptions are filtered through our lenses of ethnocentrism and stereotypes, and perceptions color our conflict attribution process (2) conflict involves interactionconflict is sustained and managed via verbal and nonverbal behaviors, and verbal and nonverbal behaviors are culture-bound concepts (3) conflict involves interdependencefor a conflict to arise, the behavior of one or both parties must have consequences for the other, for otherwise the conflict parties can liberty chit away f rom each other easily (4) conflict involves both self-interest and mutual-interest goalsconflict is a mixed-up and rudimentary jigsaw puzzle, both parties needing something from each other in order to complete the entire picture and (5) conflict involves the protection of intergroup imagesin an intercultural or intergroup conflict situation, conflict parties have to worry about protecting both individual and group-based images.9. What are the contextual sources of interracial/ethnic conflict?Interracial/ethnic conflict is a energising process any one episode is typically the result of multiple sources of conflict (Hall and Mildred, 1987). In other words, conflict can simultaneously involve personal and cultural issues. In order to provide acuteness into how conflict often becomes racialized, we describe various sources of interracial/ethnic conflicts.Improper communication is a key source of intercultural anxiety and disagreement. The communication process is quite different amon g other cultures by how, when and why something is said. communicating to one group may have different meaning to another based on tone, seventh cranial nerve expression or nonverbal indicators. These ideas consist of a persons communication style. Miscommunication can happen when an individual communication styles are unique from someone else. In todays diverse workplace, we may have to deal with a co worker whose communication style differs from ours.Learning effectively to communicate among all different cultures is essential regardless of our line of work. For example, arguing, in some cultures is normal, others it is an unfriendly behavior, and for some the argument is highly emotional. Some cultures characteristics might be more reserve while another tends to be more forward in communication. In some cases, a cultures frankness, and values, such as telling it like it is while other groups maintain harmony. A persons accent varies greatly especially within the same language. We should not pre judge ones accent and make assumptions about that persons background.10. What is the relationship between ethnicity, gender, religion, and conflict communication?Conflicts often arise in any form of relationship. Whether be in an intimate relationship between a husband and wife, employee with a co-employee, superior officer and employee, friend and friend, parents and children, instructor and student, brother and brother, and so many other relationships. In our lives, we often face many conflicts and disagreement on certain issues (Gudykunst and Young, 1992). These conflicts and disagreement are often based on different ethnicity, gender or religion. besides even with the existence of conflicts, there are good ways for conflict communication resolution.Conflict communication does not mean that you have to sacrifice your principles it simply requires one to come to a point to have a go at it the other persons view, respect it and to further avoid another conflict communication in the future.Any conflict communication must be re work at the earliest time to prevent further blemish to both parties. Although at times, this is not easy for either party, it is still the best way to do it. When there is an impending conflict communication, the best remedy is to talk and not to wait for any future time to settle a conflict.Because of the busy lives of most persons today, conflict communication is often times unavoidable. However, this could be solved and apprehended immediately as long as you keep an open mind to it. Conflict communication should be seen as a means to enhance relationships by finding out a conflict, enceinte solutions to it and building stronger and better relationships between two different ethnicities, genders, religions.